Thermal Compatibility of New ACEI Derivatives with Popular Excipients Used to Produce Solid Pharmaceutical Formulations.

Increasing drugs' stability and adequately protecting them against degradation will ensure a decrease in their price and broader availability of pharmaceutical substances. This is of great importance, especially for drugs used to treat the most common diseases in the population, such as hypertension. The study examined two newly synthesized substances from the angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) group as potential drugs.

Magnesium(II) Porphyrazine with Thiophenylmethylene Groups-Synthesis, Electrochemical Characterization, UV-Visible Titration with Palladium Ions, and Density Functional Theory Calculations.

The presented studies aimed to evaluate the peripheral coordinating properties of a novel porphyrinoid family representative preceded by its synthesis for potential sensing purposes. Two synthetic pathways were employed to a obtain maleonitrile derivative, further used as a starting material in the cyclotetramerization reaction. In the first one, DAMN was used in sequential double-reductive alkylation with 2-thiophene-carboxyaldehyde and sodium borohydride.

Microwave-assisted synthesis, photochemical and electrochemical studies of long-wavelength BODIPY dyes.

Novel BODIPY derivatives possessing different styryl substituents were synthesized using different methods of Knoevenagel-type condensation with conventional heating and microwave radiation in two conditions. Microwave-assisted synthesis significantly reduces reaction time while enhancing its efficiency. The introduction of styryl substituents at the 3 and 5 positions of the BODIPY core resulted in a substantial bathochromic shift, which was affected by the substituents within styryl groups.

Metal Nanoparticle-Flavonoid Connections: Synthesis, Physicochemical and Biological Properties, as Well as Potential Applications in Medicine.

Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds widely occurring throughout the plant kingdom. They are biologically active and have many medical applications. Flavonoids reveal chemopreventive, anticarcinogenic, and antioxidant properties, as well as being able to modulate the immune system response and inhibit inflammation, angiogenesis, and metastasis.

The Valence and Spin State Tuning of Iron(II/III) Porphyrazines with Bulky Pyrrolyl Periphery in Solution and Solid State.

Iron(III) porphyrazines containing peripheral 2,5-dimethyl-, 2-methyl-5-phenyl-, and 2,3,5-triphenyl-1-pyrrol-1-yl substituents were synthesized and subjected to physicochemical characterization. This was accomplished by high-resolution mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance (as diamagnetic Fe(II) derivatives), HPLC purity analysis, and UV-Vis spectroscopy, accompanied by the solvation study in dichloromethane and pyridine. X-ray structure analysis was performed for a single crystal of the previously obtained 2,5-diphenyl-substituted derivative of porphyrazine complex ().

Sulfanyl Porphyrazines with Morpholinylethyl Periphery-Synthesis, Electrochemistry, and Photocatalytic Studies after Deposition on Titanium(IV) Oxide P25 Nanoparticles.

The syntheses, spectral UV-Vis, NMR, and electrochemical as well as photocatalytic properties of novel magnesium(II) and zinc(II) symmetrical sulfanyl porphyrazines with 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethylsulfanyl peripheral substituents are presented. Both porphyrazine derivatives were synthesized in cyclotetramerization reactions and subsequently embedded on the surface of commercially available P25 titanium(IV) oxide nanoparticles. The obtained macrocyclic compounds were broadly characterized by ESI MS spectrometry, 1D and 2D NMR techniques, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and subjected to electrochemical studies.

Modeling the photodynamic effect in 2D versus 3D cell culture under normoxic and hypoxic conditions.

Background: Photodynamic therapy (PDT), mainly as a combined therapy, can still be considered a promising technology for targeted cancer treatment. Besides the several and essential benefits of PDT, there are some concerns and limitations, such as complex dosimetry, tumor hypoxia, and other mechanisms of resistance. In this study, we present how the cell culture model and cell culture conditions may affect the response to PDT treatment.

S-seco-porphyrazine as a new member of the seco-porphyrazine family - Synthesis, characterization and photocytotoxicity against cancer cells.

An important subgroup within the porphyrazine (Pz) family constitutes seco-porphyrazines, in the chemical structure of which one pyrrole unit is opened in the oxidative process. So far, there are only limited data on N-seco- and C-seco-Pzs. Here, the synthesis of a novel member of the Pzs seco-family, represented by an S-seco-tribenzoporphyrazine analogue, 22,23-bis(4-(3,5-dibutoxycarbonylphenoxy)butylsulfanyl)tribenzo[b,g,l]-22,23-dioxo-22,23-seco-porphyrazinato magnesium(II), is reported, with moderate 34% yield.

Tribenzoporphyrazines with dendrimeric peripheral substituents and their promising photocytotoxic activity against Staphylococcus aureus.

Infectious diseases constitute a serious problem for human health and life. Although many bacterial and fungal infections can be successfully cured by commonly used antibiotics, a new threat emerges in the form of microbial resistance. For this reason, researchers try to find not only new active pharmaceutical ingredients for conventional antibiotherapy but also try to develop new strategies of microbial inactivation.

Liposomal formulations of magnesium sulfanyl tribenzoporphyrazines for the photodynamic therapy of cancer.

Photodynamic therapy of cancer comprises the activation of photosensitizer molecules delivered to cancer cells, to generate reactive oxygen species that mediate cytotoxicity. In this study, previously synthesized dendritic magnesium tribenzoporphyrazines were incorporated into four types of liposomes containing either 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) or 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE) as the zwitterionic lipids. The addition of either l-α-phosphatidyl-dl-glycerol (PG) or 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammoniumpropane (DOTAP) imparted a negative or positive charge, respectively.

Photophysical properties and photocytotoxicity of free and liposome-entrapped diazepinoporphyrazines on LNCaP cells under normoxic and hypoxic conditions.

5,7-Diaryl-substituted symmetrical diazepinoporphyrazine and tribenzodiazepinoporphyrazine were synthesized and characterized using UV-Vis, MS MALDI, and various NMR techniques. The expected photosensitizing potentials of these porphyrazines were evaluated by measuring their abilities to generate singlet oxygen in organic solvents and by comparing them with that of the recently obtained dendrimeric G1-type diazepinoporhyrazine. Absorbance and fluorescence measurements were performed to study the aggregation properties of the novel macrocycles.

Antimicrobial and anticancer photodynamic activity of a phthalocyanine photosensitizer with N-methyl morpholiniumethoxy substituents in non-peripheral positions.

Photodynamic therapy involves the use of a photosensitizer that is irradiated with visible light in the presence of oxygen, resulting in the formation of reactive oxygen species. A novel phthalocyanine derivative, the quaternary iodide salt of magnesium(II) phthalocyanine with N-methyl morpholiniumethoxy substituents, was synthesized, and characterized. The techniques used included mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF), UV-vis, NMR spectroscopy, and photocytotoxicity against bacteria, fungi and cancer cells.

Self-assembly modes of glycyrrhetinic acid esters in view of the crystal packing of related triterpene molecules.

The crystal structures of three ester derivatives of glycyrrhetinic acid (GE) are reported. X-ray crystallography revealed that despite differences in the size of the ester substituents (ethyl, isopropyl and 2-morpholinoethyl) the scheme of molecular self-assembly is similar in all three cases but differs significantly from that observed in other known GE esters. According to our analysis, the two basic patterns of self-assembly of GE esters observed in their unsolvated crystals correspond to two distinct orientations of the ester groups relative to the triterpene backbone.

Dendrimeric Sulfanyl Porphyrazines: Synthesis, Physico-Chemical Characterization, and Biological Activity for Potential Applications in Photodynamic Therapy.

Sulfanyl porphyrazines substituted at their periphery with different dendrimeric moieties up to their first generation were synthesized and characterized by photochemical and biological methods. The presence of a dendrimeric periphery enhanced the spectral properties of the porphyrazines studied. The singlet-oxygen-generation quantum yield of the obtained macrocycles ranged from 0.

Phthalocyanine derivatives possessing 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethoxy groups as potential agents for photodynamic therapy.

Three 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethoxy substituted phthalocyanines were synthesized and characterized. Phthalocyanine derivatives revealed moderate to high quantum yields of singlet oxygen production depending on the solvent applied (e.g.

Experimental and computational study on the reactivity of 2,3-bis[(3-pyridylmethyl)amino]-2()-butene-1,4-dinitrile, a key intermediate for the synthesis of tribenzoporphyrazine bearing peripheral methyl(3-pyridylmethyl)amino substituents.

Abstract: An earlier developed alkylating path leading to tetraalkylated diaminomaleonitrile derivatives was explored. Attempts to explain the reactivity of the representative dialkylated diaminomaleonitrile 2,3-bis[(3-pyridylmethyl)amino]-2()-butene-1,4-dinitrile during the alkylation reaction were performed using X-ray and density functional theory (DFT) studies. The condensed Fukui functions accompanied by softness indices were found to be useful in explaining its reactivity observed during the reaction.