Molecular Mechanisms of Drug Resistance and Epidemiology of Multidrug-Resistant Variants of .

The paper presents various issues related to the increasing drug resistance of and the occurrence and spread of multidrug-resistant clones. One of the most important is the incidence and evolution of resistance mechanisms of to beta-lactam antibiotics. Chromosomal resistance to penicillins and oxyimino-cephalosporins and plasmid resistance to penicillins are discussed.

Molecular Mechanisms of Drug Resistance in .

This paper discusses the mechanisms of drug resistance including: (1) introduction. (2) resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, with particular emphasis on the genes found in the family, the structure and occurrence of SCC cassettes, as well as differences in the presence of some virulence genes and its expression in major epidemiological types and clones of HA-MRSA, CA-MRSA, and LA-MRSA strains. Other mechanisms of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics will also be discussed, such as mutations in the gene, BORSA or MODSA phenotypes, as well as resistance to ceftobiprole and ceftaroline.

The impact of lifestyle upon the probability of late bacterial infection after soft-tissue filler augmentation.

Little is known about the influence of lifestyle-related factors upon the risk of late bacterial infection (LBI) emerging at the site of soft-tissue filler augmentation. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of some such factors on the risk of LBI by comparing their respective prevalence between two groups of previously healthy women: a group in which infection occurred at a site of cross-linked hyaluronic acid (HA) augmentation and a second group which did not have such an infection. The infection group featured 25 women who developed LBI at a site of cross-linked HA augmentation; the control group featured 92 women who did not experience complications during a 24-month period of observation after the same procedure.

Treatment of late bacterial infections resulting from soft-tissue filler injections.

Purpose: Late bacterial infections (LBIs) after esthetic facial augmentation using hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers are relatively rare yet severe complications that are difficult to treat. No adequate treatment standards have hitherto been formulated. We have bridged this gap by formulating a treatment scheme based on the principles of treating foreign-body implantation-related infections and treating bacterial growth in the form of biofilm.

Skin bacterial flora as a potential risk factor predisposing to late bacterial infection after cross-linked hyaluronic acid gel augmentation.

Introduction: Cross-linked hyaluronic acid (HA) gel is widely used in esthetic medicine. Late bacterial infection (LBI) is a rare, but severe complication after HA augmentation. The aim of this study was to determine whether patients who underwent the HA injection procedure and developed LBI had qualitatively different bacterial flora on the skin compared to patients who underwent the procedure without any complications.

Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in Ukraine: antibacterial resistance and virulence factor encoding genes.

Background: The number of studies regarding the incidence of multidrug resistant strains and distribution of genes encoding virulence factors, which have colonized the post-Soviet states, is considerably limited. The aim of the study was (1) to assess the Staphylococcus (S.) aureus nasal carriage rate, including Methicillin Resistant S.

Probable biofilm formation in the cheek as a complication of soft tissue filler resulting from improper endodontic treatment of tooth 16.

Injectable filling agents offer the promise of a better appearance without surgery and, among them, hyaluronic acid is the most commonly used. Although complications are rare, it is necessary to know the possible side effects and complications in order to be prepared for their management. That is why many researchers have been focusing on the interactions between hyaluronic acid and pathogens, inflammatory mediators, the immune system, and markers of oxidative stress to achieve efficient drug delivery, given that hyaluronic acid has widening applications in the field of nanomedicine.