Comparison of biochemical changes induced in radioresistant prostate cancer cells by X-rays, radiosensitizing drugs, and a combined therapy using Raman microspectroscopy.

Cancer radioresistance is a major problem in radiotherapy. Many strategies have been proposed to overcome this process including the use of radiosensitizing drugs such as C75 or silibinin. The overall result of all treatments (radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and combined treatment) is cancer cell death.

Sensing Biomolecules Associated with Cells' Radiosusceptibility by Advanced Micro- and Nanospectroscopy Techniques.

Radiotherapy is one of the most common approaches for cancer treatment, especially in the case of peripheral nervous system tumors. As it requires exposure to high doses of ionizing radiation, it is important to look for substances that support efficient reduction of the tumor volume with simultaneous prevention of the surrounding noncancerous cells. Cannabidiol (CBD), which exhibits both anticancer and neuroprotective properties, was applied as a potential modulator of radiological response; however, its influence on cells undergoing irradiation remains elusive.

High-definition FT-IR reveals a synergistic effect on lipid accumulation in prostate cancer cells induced by a combination of X-rays and radiosensitizing drugs.

Radiotherapy is one of the most commonly used cancer therapies with many benefits including low toxicity to healthy tissues. However, a major problem in radiotherapy is cancer radioresistance. To enhance the effect of this kind of therapy several approaches have been proposed such as the use of radiosensitizers.

Molecular tracking of interactions between progenitor and endothelial cells via Raman and FTIR spectroscopy imaging: a proof of concept of a new analytical strategy for in vitro research.

Circulating endothelial cell progenitors originating from the bone marrow are considered to be a powerful tool in the repair of endothelium damage. Due to their unique properties, endothelial progenitors are now broadly investigated to assess their clinical significance in diseases e.g.

Spectroscopic imaging to assess biochemical alterations in liver carcinoma cells exposed to transition metals.

Despite the invaluable role of transition metals in every living organism, it should be remembered that failure to maintain the proper balance and exceed the appropriate dose may have the opposite effect. In the era of such a popular and propagated need for supplementation in the media, one should bear in mind the harmful effects that may become the result of improper and excessive intake of transition metals. This article establishes the feasibility of Raman (RS) and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic imaging at the single-cell level to investigate the cellular response to various transition metals.

Quantitative and qualitative analyses of drug adsorption on silver nanoparticle monolayers: QCM, SERS, and TEIRA nanospectroscopy studies.

In this study for the first time, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and tip-enhanced infrared (TEIRA) nanospectrocopy together with a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) are postulated as powerful tools for comprehensive qualitative and quantitative analyses of drug/metal nanocarrier conjugates. The development of efficient drug/carrier systems requires that the stability of the drug/carrier connection be estimated and the number of drug molecules immobilized on the carrier surface be determined. Thus, such a characterization study is highly desirable.

Cr(vi) permanently binds to the lipid bilayer in an inverted hexagonal phase throughout the reduction process.

Cr(vi) is a harmful, carcinogenic agent with a high permeability rate throughout the lipid membranes. In an intracellular environment and during interactions with cellular membranes, it undergoes an instant reduction to lower oxidation states throughout radical states, recognized as the most dangerous factor for cells. The cellular membrane is the most visible cellular organelle in the interior and exterior of a cell.

Carotenoids contribution in rapid diagnosis of multiple sclerosis by Raman spectroscopy.

Rapid and accurate diagnosis of any illness determines the success of treatment. The same applies to multiple sclerosis (MS), chronic, inflammatory, and neurodegenerative diseases (ND) of the central nervous system (CNS). Unfortunately, the definitive diagnosis of MS is prolonged and involves mainly clinical symptoms observation and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the CNS.

Adaptogenic activity of withaferin A on human cervical carcinoma cells using high-definition vibrational spectroscopic imaging.

Despite invaluable advances in cervical cancer therapy, treatment regimens for recurrent or persistent cancers and low-toxicity alternative treatment options are scarce. In recent years, substances classified as adaptogens have been identified as promising drug sources for preventing and treating cancer-based diseases on their ability to attack multiple molecular targets. This paper establishes the effectiveness of inhibition of the neoplastic process by a withaferin A (WFA), an adaptogenic substance, based on an in vitro model of cervical cancer.

Congo Red as a Supramolecular Carrier System for Doxorubicin: An Approach to Understanding the Mechanism of Action.

The uptake and distribution of doxorubicin in the MCF7 line of breast-cancer cells were monitored by Raman measurements. It was demonstrated that bioavailability of doxorubicin can be significantly enhanced by applying Congo red. To understand the mechanism of doxorubicin delivery by Congo red supramolecular carriers, additional monolayer measurements and molecular dynamics simulations on model membranes were undertaken.

Spectral signature of multiple sclerosis. Preliminary studies of blood fraction by ATR FTIR technique.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, neurodegenerative disease of central nervous system, characterized by inflammation, demyelination, and gliosis. It is commonly known the rapid and accurate diagnosis of MS determines treatment success. The standard diagnosis contains clinical symptoms observation, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of central nervous system (CNS), and analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Zn(II) binding causes interdomain changes in the structure and flexibility of the human prion protein.

The cellular prion protein (PrP) is a mainly α-helical 208-residue protein located in the pre- and postsynaptic membranes. For unknown reasons, PrP can undergo a structural transition into a toxic, β-sheet rich scrapie isoform (PrP) that is responsible for transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). Metal ions seem to play an important role in the structural conversion.

Tracking of the biochemical changes upon pleomorphic adenoma progression using vibrational microspectroscopy.

Head and neck tumors can be very challenging to treat because of the risk of problems or complications after surgery. Therefore, prompt and accurate diagnosis is extremely important to drive appropriate treatment decisions, which may reduce the chance of recurrence. This paper presents the original research exploring the feasibility of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy (RS) methods to investigate biochemical alterations upon the development of the pleomorphic adenoma.

The Impact of Preprocessing Methods for a Successful Prostate Cell Lines Discrimination Using Partial Least Squares Regression and Discriminant Analysis Based on Fourier Transform Infrared Imaging.

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) is widely used in the analysis of the chemical composition of biological materials and has the potential to reveal new aspects of the molecular basis of diseases, including different types of cancer. The potential of FT-IR in cancer research lies in its capability of monitoring the biochemical status of cells, which undergo malignant transformation and further examination of spectral features that differentiate normal and cancerous ones using proper mathematical approaches. Such examination can be performed with the use of chemometric tools, such as partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) classification and partial least squares regression (PLSR), and proper application of preprocessing methods and their correct sequence is crucial for success.

Exploring subcellular responses of prostate cancer cells to clinical doses of X-rays by Raman microspectroscopy.

Modern techniques of radiotherapy such as fractioned radiotherapy require applications of low doses of ionizing radiation (up to 10 Gy) for effective patient treatment. It is, therefore, crucial to understand the response mechanisms in cancer cells irradiated with low (clinical) doses. The cell's response to irradiation depends on a dose and post-irradiation time.

Determination of Crystal-Field Splitting Induced by Thermal Oxidation of Titanium.

The electronic structure of transition-metal oxides is a key component responsible for material's optical and chemical properties. Specifically for metal-oxide structures, the crystal-field interaction determines the shape, strength, and occupancy of electronic orbitals. Consequently, the crystal-field splitting and resulting unoccupied state populations can be foreseen as modeling factors of the photochemical activity.

In search of the correlation between nanomechanical and biomolecular properties of prostate cancer cells with different metastatic potential.

Nanomechanical properties of living cells, as measured with atomic force microscopy (AFM), are increasingly recognized as criteria that differentiate normal and pathologically altered cells. Locally measured cell elastic properties, described by the parameter known as Young's modulus, are currently proposed as a new diagnostic parameter that can be used at the early stage of cancer detection. In this study, local mechanical properties of normal human prostate (RWPE-1) cells and a range of malignant (22Rv1) and metastatic prostate cells (LNCaP, Du145 and PC3) were investigated.

Influence of interference effects on the spectral quality and histological classification by FT-IR imaging in transflection geometry.

Infrared (IR) imaging can be used for fast, accurate and non-destructive pathology recognition of biopsies when supported by machine learning algorithms. Transflection mode of measurements has the potential to be translated into the clinic due to economic reasons of large-scale imaging with the need for inexpensive substrates. Unfortunately, in this mode spectral distortions originating from light interference appear.

Micro- and Nanoscale Spectroscopic Investigations of Threonine Influence on the Corrosion Process of the Modified Fe Surface by Cu Nanoparticles.

The work presents a comprehensive vibrational analysis of the process of adsorption of threonine (Thr) onto an Fe surface with deposited Cu nanoparticles (NPs) (of about 4-5 nm in size) in a corrosive environment. The application of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (SEIRA) provides the opportunity for detailed description of adsorption geometry of amino acid onto a metal surface. The combination of conventional infrared spectroscopy (IR) with atomic force microscopy (AFM) resulted in a nano-SEIRA technique which made it possible to provide a precise description of adsorbate binding to the metal surface.

Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 Activity Determines the Maintenance of DNMT1-Mediated DNA Methylation Patterns in Pancreatic β-Cells.

Metabolic stress, such as lipotoxicity, affects the DNA methylation profile in pancreatic β-cells and thus contributes to β-cell failure and the progression of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) is a rate-limiting enzyme that is involved in monounsaturated fatty acid synthesis, which protects pancreatic β-cells against lipotoxicity. The present study found that SCD1 is also required for the establishment and maintenance of DNA methylation patterns in β-cells.

Macromolecular Orientation in Biological Tissues Using a Four-Polarization Method in FT-IR Imaging.

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy has emerged as a powerful tool for tissue specimen investigation. Its nondestructive and label-free character enables direct determination of biochemical composition of samples. Furthermore, the introduction of polarization enriches this technique by the possibility of molecular orientation study apart from purely quantitative analysis.

Physicochemical damage and early-stage biological response to X-ray radiation studied in prostate cancer cells by Raman spectroscopy.

Exposure to ionizing radiation significantly affects biochemistry of cancer cells. The effect of irradiation can be divided into two stages, that is, the physicochemical stage and the biological response. Both effects induce different biochemical changes in the cells and should be analyzed as two separate phenomena.

Nanoscale infrared probing of amyloid formation within the pleomorphic adenoma tissue.

Background: The process of malignant transformations of many tumour cases is still unclear and more specific experimental approaches are necessary. The detailed identification of the pathological changes may help in the therapy progression through the development of drugs with more selective action.

Methods: In this study, the AFM-IR nanospectroscopy was applied for the first time to the pleomorphic adenoma (TM) and the marginal tissue characterizations.

In situ observation of charge transfer and crystal field formation via high energy resolution X-ray spectroscopy during temperature programmed oxidation.

Herein, it has been demonstrated how resonant X-ray emission spectroscopy can be employed to study the charge transfer dynamics in real-time during the temperature-induced oxidation of metallic tungsten. Application of high energy resolution schemes allowed distinguishing charge transfer to separate orbitals resulting from crystal field splitting. Based on the time-resolved studies, it was possible to determine the corresponding charge transfer rates.