[Thyroid ectopy - the presentation of four patients].

Ectopy of the thyroid gland means its incorrect location most often along the midline of the body from the foramen cecum to the mediastinum, usually in the dorsum of the tongue. In 75% of patients, the lingual thyroid is the only active thyroid tissue. ectopic thyroid is frequently incidentally diagnosed in patients without symptoms of hypothyroidism.

A microarray study of gene expression profiles in nasal polyps.

Objective: Nasal polyposis (NP) is a multifactorial disease manifesting in chronic inflammation of upper respiratory tract of unknown etiology. We studied mRNA gene expression profiles in NP compared with normal mucosa as well as pointed at genes characteristic of different expression in examined tissues.

Material And Methods: Fifty-three patients with NP (36 eosinophilic and 17 neutrophilic NP) were included into the study.

DPOAE in estimation of the function of the cochlea in tinnitus patients with normal hearing.

Objective: The most probable place generating tinnitus in the auditory pathway is the outer hair cells (OHCs) inside the cochlea. Otoacoustic emissions are used to assess their activity. The objective of the investigation was to measure the features of distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) in a group of tinnitus patients without hearing loss, estimate the diagnostic value of the parameters for the analysis of cochlear function in the patients, emphasizing those most useful in localizing tinnitus generators, and determine the hypothetical influence of hyperacusis and misophony on DPOAE parameters in tinnitus patients.

Influence of vitamin D(3) analogues in combination with budesonid R on proliferation of nasal polyp fibroblasts.

Unlabelled: Vitamin D (VD) and its different analogues, besides their classic role as regulators of calcium and phosphor homeostasis, have emerged as a large family of antiproliferative agents. Such properties suggested VD potential as a therapy for chronic inflammatory diseases, including nasal polyposis (NP). NP growth involves both an inflammatory process and the proliferation of fibroblast as an important factor inducing aberrations in the phenotype of the epithelium.

[Diversity of nasal polyps in microarray technology research].

Unlabelled: Nasal polyps, according to many authors, generate as a result of chronic inflammation process with activation of cytokines, immunological reaction mediators that regulate proliferation, differentiation and cell apoptosis. Clarifying molecular mechanisms present in those disturbances may have diagnostic and prognostic value in evaluation of recurrence, dynamics and differentiation of nasal polyps as well as in their therapy.

Aim: The aim of the work was an analysis of nasal polyps on the basis of molecular, histopathological and clinical picture as well as comparing differentiated genes transcription in nasal polyps and proper nasal mucosa.

[Hearing organ function in children with nephrotic syndrome in the course of primary glomerulopathy].

Unlabelled: Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is connected with an increase of glomeral permeability. It generates numerous, reversible electrolic and biochemical disturbances. THE AIM of the work was complex evaluation of hearing organ in children in the course of NS.

[The profile of expression of transforming growth factor beta1 and TGFbetaRI, TGFbetaRII and TGFbetaRIII genes in nasal polyps].

Background: Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) plays an important role in cells proliferation and differentiation as well as in local immunological response.

Objectives: An evaluation of genes expression profile for TGF-beta1 and its receptors TGF-betaRI, TGF-beta RII and TGF-beta betaRIII as well as their potential role in the pathogenesis of nasal polyps in eosynophilic and neutrophilic polyps and in normal nasal mucosa.

Material: Material consisted of 22 patients.

Evaluation of hearing organ in patients with Turner syndrome.

Unlabelled: Hearing loss and middle ear diseases are often reported in some of Turner patients. In most of the reports hearing organ was evaluated with the use of subjective methods. The aim of the work was subjective and objective evaluation of hearing organ with an attempt to set the correlation between the results and the genotype of the patients with Turner syndrome (Ts).

[Vestibulo-cochlear disturbances in the course of vaso-neural conflict of vestibule-cochlear nerve--diagnostic and therapeutic problems].

Introduction: Symptoms encompassing sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus and vertigo occur in many diseases of various origin. The diagnostics in such cases is especially difficult and often requires interdisciplinary cooperation. Despite of that many cases remain unexplained.

Co-expression of the TGF-beta1 and TGF- beta2 isoforms in nasal polyps and in healthy mucosa.

Background: The formation of nasal polyps is connected with a chronic inflammatory process with the activation of different cytokines. TGF-ss induces fibrosis and acts as a chemoattractant and proliferation factor for fibroblasts. The aim of the study was to evaluate the expression profiles of the genes coding TGF-ss isoforms in nasal polyps with predominately eosinophilic and neutrophilic infiltration and in healthy mucosa and to assess their mutual correlation with the levels of gene transcription.

[Diagnostic and treatment in nasal polyps of children treated in Wrocław ENT department in the years 1991-2001].

Background: Nasal polyposis is not often observed in children and usually follows general chronic diseases or disorders of cilliary structure or function and occurs mostly after 10 years of age. This is why in children clinical changes qualified as nasal polyposis should always be verified as congenital diseases or neoplasmatic changes.

Case Report: The population: of children treated in the years 1991-2001 in the Wroclaw ENT Department with initial diagnosis of nasal polyposis was presented.

[DPOAE in tinnitus patients with cochlear hearing loss considering hyperacusis and misophonia].

Unlabelled: The most probable place generating tinnitus in auditory pathway are outer hair cells (OHC) inside cochlea. To asses their activity otoacoustic emission is used. The goal of the investigation was estimation the features of otoemission DPOAE in groups with tinnitus patients with cochlear hearing loss, estimation of diagnostic value of DPOAE parameters for analysis of function of the cochlea in investigated patients emphasizing DPOAE parameters most useful in localizing tinnitus generators and estimation of hypothetic influence of hyperacusis and misophony on parameters of DPOAE in tinnitus patients with cochlear hearing loss.

[RANTES expression in nasal polyps fibroblasts; spontaneously and after stimulation with lipopolisaccharides (LPS) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA)].

Introduction: According to the results of research carried out by a number of authors, one of the main mechanisms of the generation of polyps is local inflammatory processes accompanied by immune system disorders. It has recently been shown that a number of differentiation factors and inflammatory mediators may be involved in the growth of nasal polyps. RANTES is a eosinophil chemoattractant factor likely could play an important role in a chronic inflammatory response in the nasal tissue that subsequently leads to the development of nasal polyps.

[Nasal glioma--case report].

Benign congenital lesions resulting from the deficient regression of neuroglial tissue in normal embryonic development are called gliomas. They are usually located in the nasofrontal region and are diagnosed in the postnatal period. They are included in the differential diagnosis of nasofrontal midline masses.

Middle-ear ceruminous adenoma as a rare cause of hearing loss and vertigo: case reports.

Middle-ear ceruminous adenomas are rare benign neoplasms arising from the epithelium of the middle ear. Progressive hearing loss, ear fullness and tinnitus are common symptoms of this tumour; facial nerve paresis and vestibular disturbances occur very infrequently. We present two cases of middle-ear ceruminous adenomas, one showed rapid unilateral hearing loss with aural fullness, followed by purulent aural discharge and vertigo.

Brain auditory evoked potentials in children with Down syndrome.

Unlabelled: Researchers have been examining the condition of the auditory organ in people with Down syndrome for many years. The aim of this work was an objective evaluation of the hearing threshold and a functional evaluation of the hearing pathway in children with Down syndrome without any disturbances in the middle ear.

Material: Seventy children with Down syndrome, aged from 2 months to 17 years.

[Vertigo in women in menopausal period].

Unlabelled: The aim of the work was an evaluation of vestibular organ as well as static and dynamic balance condition in menopausal women. We have examined 107 women aged 46 to 55 years, 47 among them with complaints of vertigo (Group I), 30 women aged 45 to 50 years with symptoms of menopause diagnosed in Outpatient of Endocrinology Clinic (Group II) and 30 healthy women aged 45-54 (control Group). Blood concentration of sexual hormones (estradiol, LH, FSH, progesterone), sodium and potassium blood level, electronystagmography (ENG), optokinesis, eye tracking test, static and dynamic posturography and radiography of cervical part of vertebral column were applied in each case.

An evaluation of postural stability and the effects of middle-ear drainage on vestibulo-spinal reflexes of children with chronic otitis media with effusion.

Objective: Many authors agree that chronic otitis media with effusion (OME) are the main causes of vertigo and balance disturbances in children. The aim of this work was the stabilometric evaluation of postural stability and the influence of middle ear drainage on vestibulo-spinal reflexes in children with OME.

Methods: Fifteen children with OME (5-14 years old, 13 males and two females) were selected for bilateral drainage of the middle ear after conservative treatment proved ineffective.

Electrophysiological tests of the hearing organ in Hashimoto's disease.

Thyroid gland diseases resulting from an autoimmunological process may influence the hearing organ. The aim of this study was to assess peripheral and central parts of the hearing organ in children with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Thirty children (mean age 14.

[Electrophysiologic tests of the auditory apparatus and vestibular organ in Usher syndrome].

Usher syndrome is a congenital autosomal dominant inherited disease characterised by hearing, balance and vision problems. The aim of the work was an evaluation of hearing and vestibular organ in the chosen group of patients with Usher syndrome diagnosed. Material consisted of 10 persons (5 males and 5 females) aged from 16 to 46 years with Usher syndrome diagnosed.

[Two cases of hearing loss following Hashimoto disease].

Unlabelled: Hearing loss accompanies some of thyroid gland diseases especially those with hypothyroidism. Some authors state it correlates with autoimmune background of certain thyroid gland disturbances. We present two cases of patients with Hashimoto disease accompanied by fluctuating cochlear hearing loss and peripheral vestibular loss in one of the cases.

[The influence of metabolic disturbances present in diabetes mellitus type I on vestibulo-spinal reflexes in children and young adults].

Diabetic neuropathy encompasses various disturbances concerning somatic and autonomic nervous system and has significant impact on prognosis and course of diabetes mellitus. The aim of the work is an evaluation of vestibulo-spinal reflexes in children and young adults suffering from diabetes mellitus type 1. Material--95 children and young adults aged from 6 to 28 years with diabetes mellitus type 1 diagnosed.

[A case of Wegener's granulomatosis].

We present a case of Wegener's granulomatosis in which otitis media symptoms masked the disease in first phases. Progressive, unilateral hearing loss, almost deafness, together with facial nerve paresis allowed us to make proper diagnosis and apply therapy.

[Results of combined treatment for vestibular receptor impairment with physical therapy and Ginkgo biloba extract (Egb 761)].

Unlabelled: Vestibular receptor impairment causes symptoms called vestibular organ peripheral lesion syndrome. Subjective and objective symptoms of vestibular lesion diminish gradually in the process of vestibular compensation. Stimulating a patient to action is a basic factor that influences on the compensation process.