Analysis of the characteristics of mouthguards that affect isokinetic muscular ability and anaerobic power.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to estimate the effects of occlusal stability to identify action mechanisms of mouthguards, known to have a modulatory effect on limb muscle function.

Materials And Methods: This study included 20 male subjects to perform the isokinetic muscle tests and the Wingate anaerobic power test on both knee joints under five closed-mouth conditions: without or with 4 types of mouthguards with thickness of 2 mm based on premolar area: (1) full-coverage, (2) anterior partial-coverage, (3) right posterior partial-coverage, and (4) left posterior partial-coverage. The obtained results were subjected to One-way ANOVA with repeated measures, followed by post hoc test of the contrast method (α=.

Lumbar spinal loads and muscle activity during a golf swing.

This study estimated the lumbar spinal loads at the L4-L5 level and evaluated electromyographic (EMG) activity of right and left rectus abdominis, external and internal obliques, erector spinae, and latissimus dorsi muscles during a golf swing. Four super VHS camcorders and two force plates were used to obtain three-dimensional (3D) kinematics and kinetics of golf swings performed by five male collegiate golfers. Average EMG levels for different phases of golf swing were determined.

Kinematic and electromyographic analysis of wheelchair propulsion on ramps of different slopes for young men with paraplegia.

Objective: To gain insight into the biomechanics of upslope wheelchair stroking by examining the changes in kinematic and electromyographic characteristics of wheelchair propulsion over ramps of different slopes.

Design: Repeated-measures design. Each subject pushed up a wooden ramp (7.

Kinematic analysis of the 100-m wheelchair race.

The purpose of this study was to compare the speed and selected stroke cycle characteristics during different phases of the 100-m wheelchair race for paraplegic athletes. Four male and two female wheelchair racers in T4 classification and one male and three female athletes in T3 classification served as the participants. Two S-VHS camcorders (60 fields/s) were panned horizontally to cover the first and second 50 m of the 100-m race, respectively.

The use of anticipatory visual cues by highly skilled tennis players.

The authors examined 13 skilled and 12 novice tennis performers' ability to use visual information of an opponent's movement pattern to anticipate and respond. In Experiment 1, skilled and novice players anticipated the type of stroke and the direction in which the ball was hit in a highly coupled perception-action environment. Both groups of players correctly anticipated at greater than chance levels.

Comparing the pre- and post-impact ball and racquet kinematics of elite tennis players' first and second serves: a preliminary study.

The aim of this study was to compare the pre- and post-impact three-dimensional kinematics of the ball and racquet during first and second serves performed by elite tennis players. Data were collected from four male and four female right-handed professional players during competition using two high-speed cameras (200 Hz). For each player, one first serve and one second serve from the 'deuce' or right service court that landed within the specified target area were analysed.