Chronic Variable Stress Is Responsible for Lipid and DNA Oxidative Disorders and Activation of Oxidative Stress Response Genes in the Brain of Rats.

Chronic environmental stress is associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction and the pathogenesis of depression. The purpose of this study was to evaluate biochemical and molecular changes associated with ROS generation in the brains of rats submitted to chronic variable stress. Male Wistar rats (50-55 days old, weighing 200-250 g) were divided in two groups ( = 10): control and stressed.

Tirapazamine has no Effect on Hepatotoxicity of Cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil but Interacts with Doxorubicin Leading to Side Changes in Redox Equilibrium.

Tirapazamine is a hypoxia-activated prodrug which was shown to exhibit up to 300 times greater cytotoxicity under anoxic in comparison with aerobic conditions. Thus, the combined anticancer therapy of tirapazamine with a routinely used anticancer drug seems to be a promising solution. Because tirapazamine undergoes redox cycle transformation in this study, the effect of tirapazamine on redox hepatic equilibrium, lipid status and liver morphology was evaluated in rats exposed to cisplatin, doxorubicin and 5-fluorouracil.

The differential effects of green tea on dose-dependent doxorubicin toxicity.

Background: Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anticancer drug displaying cardiac and hepatic adverse effects mostly dependent on oxidative stress. Green tea (GT) has been reported to play a protective role in diseases resulting from oxidative stress.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate if GT protects against DOX-induced oxidative stress, heart and liver morphological changes, and metabolic disorders.

Different effects of resveratrol on dose-related Doxorubicin-induced heart and liver toxicity.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of resveratrol in doxorubicin-induced cardiac and hepatic toxicity. Doxorubicin was administered once a week throughout the period of 7 weeks with 1.0 or 2.

Intensification of doxorubicin-related oxidative stress in the heart by hypothyroidism is not related to the expression of cytochrome P450 NADPH-reductase and inducible nitric oxide synthase, as well as activity of xanthine oxidase.

Cytochrome P450 NADPH-reductase (P450R), inducible synthase (iNOS) and xanthine oxidase play an important role in the antracycline-related cardiotoxicity. The expression of P450R and iNOS is regulated by triiodothyronine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of methimazole-induced hypothyreosis on oxidative stress secondary to doxorubicin administration.

Tirapazamine-doxorubicin interaction referring to heart oxidative stress and Ca²⁺ balance protein levels.

Doxorubicin (DOX) causes long-term cardiomyopathy that is dependent on oxidative stress and contractility disorders. Tirapazamine (TP), an experimental adjuvant drug, passes the same red-ox transformation as DOX. The aim of the study was to evaluate an effect of tirapazamine on oxidative stress, contractile protein level, and cardiomyocyte necrosis in rats administered doxorubicin.

Does administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug determine morphological changes in adrenal cortex: ultrastructural studies.

Rofecoxib (Vioxx© made by Merck Sharp & Dohme, the USA) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug which belongs to the group of selective inhibitors of cyclooxygenasis-2, i.e., coxibs.

High doses of medroxyprogesterone as the cause of disappearance of adherence of the zona pellucida to an oocyte.

The zona pellucida (ZP) is an external glycoprotein membrane of oocytes of mammals and embryos in the early stage of their development. ZP first appears in growing ovarian follicles as an extracellular substance between the oocyte and granular cells. The zona pellucid markedly affects the development and maturation of the oocyte.

Morphological changes in adrenal cortex--the final effect of angiotensin II receptor antagonists.

The influence of losartan, angiotensin receptor on the histological image of the adrenal glomerular layer of white rats was revealed. The drug was administered in the therapeutic and ten times higher dose. It was manifested by the decrease of glandular cells and prevalence of blastic cells of the cortex.

The proximal convoluted tubule of rats' nephron after experimental administration of gentamicin.

The rats in this experiment received gentamicin in intraperitoneal injections in a dose ten times bigger than therapeutical. After ten days of drug administration, in the cells of proximal convoluted tubules of kidney there were observed the dilution of cytoplasm of various intensity, increases in amount and size of lysosomes, widening of endoplasmic reticulum tubules and swelling of mitochondria. The microscopic and ultrastructural pictures, after three weeks' break in gentamicin administration, showed fast regeneration of renal tubules.

Ultrastructure of the hepatocytes after application of azithromycin (Sumamed).

Azithromycin (Sumamed, PLIVA Cracow) was administered intragastrically to rats in doses 10 times and 100 times bigger than the therapeutic dose (according to the indications for a 5-day treatment). Ultrastructural examinations of the liver were performed. Changes observed in the morphology of hepatocytes and Browicz-Kupffer cells (swelling of mitochondria, more numerous lysosomes, weaker RER content and granular material inside biliary canaliculi) may indicate temporary violation of the functional equilibrium in the liver due to the application of azithromycin.

High doses of atorvastatin (Sortis) modify the secretory process in the exocrine portion of the pancreas.

Changes were observed in the ultrastructure of the pancreatic acinar cells in rats after administration of atorvastatin (Sortis) in the therapeutic and ten times larger dose for the period of 6 weeks. It was found that atorvastatin given to rats in the therapeutic dose (80 mg/day) stimulated the secretion in pancreocytes, whereas the ten times higher dose of atorvastatin distorts the complicated process of the release of the secretion from the cell.

Histological picture of intestinal mucosa of rats after simultaneous administration of atorvastatin and ethyl alcohol.

The rats received atorvastatin in the therapeutical dose and 10x higher, 20% solution of ethanol and ethanol with atorvastatin for 6 weeks. The microscopic investigations (H + E staining, Masson's method, PAS method by McManus) showed no changes in histological picture of intestinal mucosa after giving atorvastatin. The rats receiving alcohol and alcohol with atorvastatin showed similar changes, but different than the first groups.

Does ACE inhibitor modify the morphofunctional state of the nephron?

Captopril, the inhibitor of the angiotensin convertase (ACE) was administered to white rats in two doses: 0.23 mg/day/rat and 0.71 mg/day/rat.