Tirzepatide - a dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist - a new antidiabetic drug with potential metabolic activity in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

The incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) are responsible for up to 65% of postprandial insulin secretion. Tirzepatide, developed by Eli Lilly, is a dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist in the form of a synthetic linear peptide; its acylation technology allows it to bind to albumin, thus making it possible to dose the drug once a week. This review summarizes the key characteristics and pharmacokinetics of tirzepatide.

Imeglimin: a new antidiabetic drug with potential future in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes.

Imeglimin (IMEG) is the first drug of the "glimin" group. Glimin is a new group of hypoglycaemic drugs for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The chemical structure and action mechanism of the drug are presented in the paper.

Fabry disease - a genetically conditioned extremely rare disease with a very unusual course.

Fabry disease (FD) is a rare lysosomal storage disease. FD is caused by the presence of a deleterious mutation in the GLA gene encoding the enzyme alpha galactosidase A (αGAL A) on the X chromosome. The accumulation of Gb3 and lyso-GL-3 in nerve fiber cells, endothelium, vascular muscle cells, mesangial cells, podocytes, renal tubular epithelial cells and cardiomyocytes is the most important pathogenetic factor.

Association of chemotactic cytokine receptor 5 (CCR5) gene polymorphism (59029 A/G, rs1799987) with diabetic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes from Poland.

Introduction: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) pathogenesis is multifactorial and is a combination of metabolic, genetic, and environmental factors. Due to a long period of asymptomatic course, it is often diagnosed late when advanced stages of the disease are present. Among patients with diabetes, the presence of chemotactic cytokine receptor 5 (CCR5) gene polymorphism is suspected to be associated with the risk of DKD occurrence; however, the results of the research conducted so far are inconclusive.

Association between Selected Polymorphisms rs12086634, rs846910, rs4844880, rs3753519 of 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 () and the Presence of Insulin Resistance in the Polish Population of People Living in Upper Silesia.

Background: Many factors influence the development of insulin resistance, among other genetic factors. Cortisol is one of the factors that has a significant impact on the development of insulin resistance. The proteins that have a substantial effect on blood cortisol levels include 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1.

The incidence rate of hospitalized lysosomal storage diseases in Poland in 2013-2015 based on data from the National Health Fund.

Introduction: The reported data address the incidence of lysosomal storage diseases, obtained from the public health service databases in Poland. Data are given by subtypes from the National Health Fund between 2013 and 2015.

Material And Methods: Patients with lysosomal storage diseases were identified in the National Health Fund database (2013-2015).

Why PRP works only on certain patients with tennis elbow? Is PDGFB gene a key for PRP therapy effectiveness? A prospective cohort study.

Background: There is variability in individual response to platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy in tennis elbow treatment. Genetic variation, especially within genes encoding growth factors may influence the observed inter-individual differences. The purpose of this study was to identify polymorphic variants of the platelet-derived growth factor beta polypeptide gene (PDGFB) that determine an improved individual response to PRP therapy in tennis elbow patients.

DIAPH2, PTPRD and HIC1 Gene Polymorphisms and Laryngeal Cancer Risk.

Unlabelled: AIM, DIAPH2, PTPRD and HIC1 are the cell glycoprotein, which play an important role in the occurrence and development of tumors. This study was designed to assess the association between DIAPH2, PTPRD and HIC1 SNPs and laryngeal cancer risk.

Patients And Methods: This study including 267 patients with histologically confirmed laryngeal cancer and 157 controls.

Association of Gene Polymorphisms with Fractalkine, Fractalkine Receptor, and C-Reactive Protein Levels in Patients with Kidney Failure.

Fractalkine () is a chemokine that plays a significant role in inflammation, one of the pathophysiological processes underlying end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Genetic factors are significantly involved in cytokine expression and have been studied as potential risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD). : We aimed to elucidate the association of gene polymorphisms rs3732378 and rs3732379 with the levels of , receptor (), as well as C-reactive protein (CRP).

Uremic pruritus and serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor in diabetic and non-diabetic haemodialysis patients.

Introduction: Even though uremic pruritus (UP) is very troublesome for haemodialysis (HD) patients, its underlying mechanism is not fully understood.

Aim: Due to the possible role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its higher serum concentration in haemodialysis diabetic patients compared to non-diabetic ones, this study is aimed to evaluate its association with UP among diabetic and non-diabetic patients on maintenance HD.

Material And Methods: A total of 94 patients were enrolled into the study.

Whether Prolyl Hydroxylase Blocker-Roxadustat-In the Treatment of Anemia in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Is the Future?

In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), anemia develops gradually, which is primarily due to an inadequate synthesis of erythropoietin by the kidneys, as well as to iron disorders in the body, blood loss, shortened erythrocyte survival and inflammation. The currently accepted treatment employs iron, vitamin B12, folic acid supplementation and the use of erythropoiesis stimulants, which are administered only parenterally. Research is currently underway on the new erythropoiesis drugs that can be orally administered, i.

Gene Polymorphisms Presumably Participate in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Spontaneous Autoreactive Urticaria.

Recent studies underline a potential role of autoimmune and genetic disturbances in this disorder pathogenesis. Variants in genes related to inflammatory processes may possibly predispose to chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) occurrence. The objective of this study was to search for an association of genes polymorphisms with the pathogenesis of CSU.

Association of single nucleotide polymorphism (rs741301) of the ELMO1 gene with diabetic kidney disease in Polish patients with type 2 diabetes: a pilot study.

Introduction: Multifactorial pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) consists of a combination of metabolic, environmental, and genetic factors. A genome-wide association study has shown that ELMO1 is a candidate gene for DKD occurrence and progression. The aim of this study was to assess the association of a single nucleotide polymorphism (rs741301) of the ELMO1 gene with DKD in Polish patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

The relationship between polymorphisms, coronary artery disease & serum lipid markers.

Polymorphic variants of the gene can increase the risk of atherosclerosis-based coronary artery disease (CAD) and modify serum lipid markers. We studied haplotype-tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms of in the Caucasian population and if they are associated with CAD, its symptoms, and any of its risk factors. We did not find the genetic variants of to be associated with an increased risk of CAD.

Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Potential Applications in Kidney Diseases.

Mesenchymal stem cells constitute a pool of cells present throughout the lifetime in numerous niches, characteristic of unlimited replication potential and the ability to differentiate into mature cells of mesodermal tissues in vitro. The therapeutic potential of these cells is, however, primarily associated with their capabilities of inhibiting inflammation and initiating tissue regeneration. Owing to these properties, mesenchymal stem cells (derived from the bone marrow, subcutaneous adipose tissue, and increasingly urine) are the subject of research in the settings of kidney diseases in which inflammation plays the key role.

The new adipokine zinc-α2-glycoprotein (ZAG) as a link between adipose tissue and kidney? [Czy nowa adipocytokina cynkowa α2-glikoproteina (ZAG) stanowi ogniwo między tkanką tłuszczową a nerkami?].

Adipose tissue is currently considered not only as an energy store but also as an organ of internal secretion. Numerous adipocytokines regulating a number of human body processes are important in many disease processes, including chronic kidney disease (CKD). Nowadays, the role of zinc α2-glycoprotein (ZAG) is being sought as a potential link between these two organs.

Medical care of patients with disorders of aromatic amino acid metabolism: a report based on the Polish National Health Fund data records.

Introduction: Patients with disorders of aromatic amino acid metabolism are a heterogeneous group. They vary in morbidity and medical care requirements. Polish newborn screening program allows for quick diagnosis of some inborn errors of metabolism (such as classical phenylketonuria, mild hyperphenylalaninemias, tyrosinemia type 1 and tyrosinemia type 2) and subsequent immediate treatment.

Relationship between CETP gene polymorphisms with coronary artery disease in Polish population.

The cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) gene encodes a hydrophobic glycoprotein that plays a crucial role in the reverse transport of cholesterol. The aim of the present study was to determine whether CETP polymorphisms (rs1532624, rs247616 and rs708272) are associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) in a Polish population. Serum lipid levels and single nucleotide polymorphisms of CETP genes were determined in 494 subjects: 248 patients with premature CAD and 246 blood donors as controls.

Correlation between serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration and arterial wall stiffness.

Background: Elevated serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentration is a risk factor for atherosclerosis, which involves remodelling of the arterial walls with their subsequent stiffening.

Aim: We sought to evaluate the relationship between serum lipid levels and the elastic properties of the arterial wall.

Methods: The study group comprised 315 men and women aged 55.

Diabetes-Related Knowledge of Polish National Mountain Leaders.

Nabrdalik, Katarzyna, Hanna Kwiendacz, Monika Gubała, Kinga Tyrała, Mariusz Seweryn, Andrzej Tomasik, Tomasz Sawczyn, Michał Kukla, Władysław Grzeszczak, and Janusz Gumprecht. Diabetes-related knowledge of Polish national mountain leaders. High Alt Med Biol.

Upstream Stimulating Factor 1 (USF-1) Gene Polymorphisms and the Risk, Symptoms, and Outcome of Pediatric Ischemic Stroke.

Background: Pediatric ischemic stroke is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. As previous studies of children after stroke showed, dyslipidemias were very common in Polish and other European populations. Thus, looking for genetic factors predisposing to pediatric stroke, its symptoms, and outcome, we have analyzed 2 polymorphisms of the upstream stimulating factor 1 (USF-1) gene.

Pentoxifylline and Methylprednisolone Additively Alleviate Kidney Failure and Prolong Survival of Rats after Renal Warm Ischemia-Reperfusion.

Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) induces local inflammation leading to kidney damage. Since pentoxifylline (PTX) and steroids have distinct immunomodulatory properties, we aimed to evaluate for the first time their combined use in IRI-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in rats. In two experiments, PTX (100 mg/kg body weight subcutaneously) was administered 90 min prior to renal IRI or/and methylprednisolone (MP; 100 mg/kg body weight intramuscularly) was infused 60 min after reperfusion of a solitary kidney (AKI model: 45 min ischemia, 48 male Sprague-Dawley rats) or one kidney with excision of contralateral kidney 2 weeks later (CKD model: 90 min ischemia, 38 rats).