Can COVID-19 impact the natural history of paracoccidioidomycosis? Insights from an atypical chronic form of the mycosis.

Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic fungal infection caused by Paracoccidioides spp. It can occur as an acute/subacute form (A/SAF), a chronic form (CF) and rarely as a mixed form combining the features of the two aforementioned forms in an immunocompromised patient. Here, we report a 56-year-old male patient with CF-PCM who presented with atypical manifestations, including the development of an initial esophageal ulcer, followed by central nervous system (CNS) lesions and cervical and abdominal lymphatic involvement concomitant with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Brazilians' level of knowledge, attitudes and practices towards COVID-19: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Brazil is facing increasing cycles of numbers of infected people and deaths resulting from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This situation involves a series of factors, including the behavior of the population, that can be decisive for controlling the disease.

Objective: To determine the knowledge, attitudes and practices of the Brazilian population regarding COVID-19.

Chronic skull osteomyelitis due to Cryptococcus neoformans: first case report in an HIV-infected patient.

Osteomyelitis due to Cryptococcus neoformans are described in mostly 10% of patients with disseminated cryptococcosis, being direct inoculation even more uncommon. We report the case of an HIV-infected patient with history of recurring itching on his scalp and repetitive local trauma. For eighteen months, he noticed a painful and slow growing lump on his scalp.

Both human immunodeficiency virus-infected and human immunodeficiency virus-exposed, uninfected children living in Brazil, Argentina, and Mexico have similar rates of low concentrations of retinol, beta-carotene, and vitamin E.

Our objective was to describe the prevalence of low concentrations of retinol, beta-carotene, and vitamin E in a group of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected Latin American children and a comparison group of HIV-exposed, uninfected children. Our hypothesis was that the rates of low concentrations of these micronutrients would be higher in the HIV-infected group than those in the HIV-exposed, uninfected group. This was a cross-sectional substudy of a larger cohort study at clinical pediatric HIV centers in Latin America.

Histoplasmosis of the larynx.

The incidence of laryngeal histoplasmosis is low when compared to the total number of cases. Less than 100 cases of laryngeal histoplasmosis have been described in the medical literature. Isolated laryngeal involvement may lead to the misdiagnosis and mistreatment of tuberculosis or laryngeal cancer, according to some reports.