Microscopic and physicochemical evaluation of Ruta angustifolia leaves.

Background: There are thousands of species of known medicinal plants in the world. L. has been widely used in traditional medication for jaundice and liver disease.

Malignant mesothelioma tumours: molecular pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapies accompanying clinical studies.

The pathetic malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a extremely uncommon and confrontational tumor that evolves in the mesothelium layer of the pleural cavities (inner lining- visceral pleura and outer lining- parietal pleura), peritoneum, pericardium, and tunica vaginalis and is highly resistant to standard treatments. In mesothelioma, the predominant pattern of lesions is a loss of genes that limit tumour growth. Despite the worldwide ban on the manufacture and supply of asbestos, the prevalence of mesothelioma continues to increase.

Chemical Profiles and Cholinesterase Inhibitory Activities of the Flower Extracts of .

Background: is a flowering plant containing various metabolites that provide potential for pharmacological activities. The current study aimed to investigate the ethanolic and water extracts of as cholinesterase inhibitor as one of the target treatments for Alzheimer's disease. The chemical composition of the extracts was also studied to determine which components are responsible for the bioactivity.

Antimalarial Activity of Extract and Fractions of (L.) Merr.

(L.) Merr., in the Indonesian local name known as "Katuk," is a tropical shrub plant of the family Euphorbiaceae.

Advances in Hybrid Vesicular-based Drug Delivery Systems: Improved Biocompatibility, Targeting, Therapeutic Efficacy and Pharmacokinetics of Anticancer Drugs.

Anticancer drugs and diagnostics can be transported in nanoscale vesicles that provide a flexible platform. A hybrid nanoparticle, a nano assembly made up of many types of nanostructures, has the greatest potential to perform these two activities simultaneously. Nanomedicine has shown the promise of vesicular carriers based on lipopolymersomes, lipid peptides, and metallic hybrid nano-vesicle systems.

Toxicological Evaluation and Protective Effects of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of DC on Liver and Kidney Function of -Infected Mice.

Currently, the presence of antimalarial drug resistance has become a major obstacle in the treatment of malaria. To overcome the problem, a series of studies are needed to find new antimalarial drugs from plants. Previously, 90% ethanolic extract of DC (EECS) leaves have been reported to have antimalarial activity against and against ANKA.

Growth, secondary metabolite production, and in vitro antiplasmodial activity of Sonchus arvensis L. callus under dolomite [CaMg(CO3)2] treatment.

Malaria is still a global health problem. Plasmodium is a single-cell protozoan parasite that causes malaria and is transmitted to humans through the female Anopheles mosquito. The previous study showed that Sonchus arvensis L.

Exploration of several plants from Baung Forest on bone formation cell models.

Objectives: Osteoporosis is an ailment described by a skeletal degradation of bone skeletal dominating to increases the chance of fracture. In order to find out the bone formation agents from Baung Forest plants, this research analyzed the effects of 96% ethanol extract of several plants from Baung Forest on antioxidant activity and the effect of osteoblast differentiation-related to the bone formation on the most potent extract.

Methods: The antioxidant effect and osteoblast differentiation of 96% ethanol extracts were evaluated by measuring DPPH scavenging and alkaline phosphatase in -nitrophenyl phosphate effects by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) reader method, respectively.

ANTIMALARIAL ACTIVITY AND TOXICITY STUDIES OF JOHAR () LEAVES FROM THREE DIFFERENT LOCATIONS.

Background: Antimalarial activity of leaves has been proven by the active compound that has been found, i.e. Cassiarin A.

Antiplasmodial activity of Ethanolic extract of Cassia spectabilis DC leaf and its inhibition effect in Heme detoxification.

Background: In previous studies, Cassia spectabilis DC leaf has shown a good antiplasmodial activity. Therefore, this study is a follow-up study of the extract of leaf of C. spectabilis DC on its in vitro and in vivo antiplasmodial activity and mechanism as an antimalarial.

Determination of Cassiarin A Level of Leaf Obtained from Various Regions in Indonesia Using the TLC-Densitometry Method.

leaf has been proven and to have a strong antimalarial activity with Cassiarin A as its active compound. To obtain a source of medicinal plant with high level of active antimalarial compound (Cassiarin A), a valid method for determining Cassiarin A level is needed. For this reason, this research conducts the validation of the Cassiarin A content with determination method using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) densitometry which includes the determination of selectivity (s), linearity (r), accuracy, precision, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ).

CALLUS INDUCTION OF L. AND ITS ANTIPLASMODIAL ACTIVITY.

Background: Malaria is a global health problem that requires urgent need for new drugs. Tempuyung ( L.) possesses many potential medicinal compounds.

Various Parts of Plants as New Sources of Antimalarial Drugs.

Background: Each part of plants is traditionally used as medicinal remedies for several diseases, including malaria. Antimalarial activity of the leaf and the seed has already been observed; however, there is no report about antimalarial activity of the other parts of plants. In this study, we assess and antimalarial activity of each part of the plants and its mechanism as antimalarial agent against inhibition of heme detoxification.

DETERMINATION OF EFFECTIVE DOSE OF ANTIMALARIAL FROM LEAF ETHANOL EXTRACT IN -INFECTED MICE.

Background: The preliminary study on antimalarial activity of the ethanol extract of leaves against has been carried out by experiment. It was demonstrated that ethanol extract of leaves could inhibit growth of rodent malaria parasite by 59.29 % (at a dose of 100 mg/kg bodyweight).

New tricyclic alkaloids, cassiarins G, H, J, and K from leaves of Cassia siamea.

Four new alkaloids, cassiarins G, H, J, and K (1-4) which showed moderate antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7, were isolated from the leaves of Cassia siamea (Leguminosae) and the structures of 1-4 were elucidated by 1D- and 2D-NMR analysis and X-ray crystallographic analysis.

Antiplasmodial decarboxyportentol acetate and 3,4-dehydrotheaspirone from Laumoniera bruceadelpha.

A new spiro heterocycle, decarboxyportentol acetate (1) was isolated from the barks of Laumoniera bruceadelpha Nooteboom (Simaroubaceae), together with 3,4-dehydrotheaspirone (2), and their structures were elucidated by 2D NMR analysis. 3,4-Dehydrotheaspirone (2) showed potent antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7.

Antiplasmodial indole alkaloids from Leuconotis griffithii.

A new indole alkaloid, leucoridine A N-oxide (1), consisting of two units of a strychnan type of skeleton, was isolated from the leaves of Leuconotis griffithii. Its structure was elucidated by various spectroscopic means such as NMR and MS, and also by chemical means. Antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 of indole alkaloids isolated from L.

Total synthesis of a novel tetracyclic alkaloid, cassiarin F from the flowers of Cassia siamea.

A novel alkaloid, cassiarin F (1), which showed potent antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum in vitro, was isolated from the flowers of Cassia siamea, and its structure was elucidated on the basis of 2D NMR analyses. A total synthesis of 1 was also achieved by employing the Suzuki coupling constructing biaryl unit, nucleophilic aromatic substitution, and Houben-Hoesch type ring construction as key steps.

New antiplasmodial indole alkaloids from Hunteria zeylanica.

Two new indole alkaloids, bisnicalaterine D (1), consisting of an eburnane and a corynanthe type of skeletons, and nicalaterine A (2) were isolated from the bark of Hunteria zeylanica. Their structures were elucidated by various spectroscopic data such as NMR and CD spectra. A series of bisnicalaterines and nicalaterine A showed potent antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7.

Melidianolic acid A and B, new antimalarial acyclic diterpenes from Aphanamixis grandifolia.

Two new acyclic diterpenes, melidianolic acids A (1) and B (2), have been isolated from the bark of Aphanamixis grandifolia. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical methods. Melidianolic acids A (1) and B (2) showed antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 with IC50 of 6.

Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of cassiarin A as potential antimalarials with vasorelaxant activity.

Cassiarin A 1, a tricyclic alkaloid, isolated from the leaves of Cassia siamea (Leguminosae), shows powerful antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum in vitro as well as P. berghei in vivo, which may be valuable leads for novel antimalarials. Interactions of parasitized red blood cells (pRBCs) with endothelium in aorta are especially important in the processes contribute to the pathogenesis of severe malaria.

Cassiarins C-E, antiplasmodial alkaloids from the flowers of Cassia siamea.

Three new alkaloids, cassiarins C-E (1-3), and a new chromone, 10,11-dihydroanhydrobarakol (4), which showed moderate antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7, were isolated from flowers of Cassia siamea, and the structures of 1-4 were elucidated by 2D NMR analysis and chemical transformation. Cassiarin D (2) was a dimeric compound consisting of 5-acetonyl-7-hydroxy-2-methylchromone and cassiarin C (1), and cassiarin E (3) was a dimer of cassiarins A and C (1).

Delaumonones A and B, new antiplasmodial quassinoids from Laumoniera bruceadelpha.

New quassinoids, delaumonones A (1) and B (2) have been isolated from the bark of Laumoniera bruceadelpha NOOTEBOOM (Simaroubaceae) and the structures were elucidated by 2D NMR analysis and a chemical correlation. Delaumonones showed an antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum.

Alstiphyllanines A-D, indole alkaloids from Alstonia macrophylla.

Four new alkaloids, alstiphyllanines A-D (1-4), were isolated from Alstonia macrophylla, and their structures were determined by MS and 2D NMR analyses. Alkaloids 1-4 showed moderate antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum and vasorelaxant activity against phenylephrine-induced contraction of isolated rat aorta.