Heterogeneity in the use of osseous risk factors and limited use of relevant patient-reported outcome measurements in studies investigating treatment of patellar dislocation: A scoping review.

Purpose: The treatment of patellar dislocation is tailored based on the presence or absence of osseous risk factors. The purpose of this scoping review was to investigate whether existing research addresses patient differences by mapping the use of osseous risk factors and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in studies investigating the treatment of patellar dislocation.

Methods: This study was a scoping review conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis extension for Scoping Reviews.

Management of Type III Occipital Condyle Fractures.

Occipital condyle fractures (OCFs) can be seen in around 4-19% of patients who suffer from cervical spine trauma. Anderson and Montesano system type III OCFs, which are avulsion fractures, are potentially unstable and operative. This study evaluates the management of type III OCFs at our institution over a 22-year period.

Advancing flourishing as the north star of medical education: A call for personal and professional development as key to becoming physicians.

Over the past 15 years, multiple calls to transform medical education, and by extension, health sciences education, have addressed issues pertaining to learners' subjective experiences as well as the learning environment. By and large, these calls to transform share many of the same themes: greater engagement with the humanities, enhanced professional identity formation, leadership development, as well as systemic changes to enhance meaning, purpose, and belonging. However, the many initiatives and reforms underway in medical education have yet to fully reach their desired outcomes - particularly those focused on enhancing meaning, purpose, and belonging.

Diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumor with distinct neuronal and glial components but identical diagnostic molecular and genetic features.

The 2021 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of the central nervous system (CNS) tumors has classified diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumor (DLGNT) as a mixed neuronal and glial tumor. Here, we report a DLGNT with two distinct morphological tumor components but identical molecular features. A four-year-old female child presented with progressive right upper extremity weakness.

Atlantoaxial dislocation in the setting of NMLFS.

Background: Nablus mask-like facial syndrome (NMFLS) is an extremely rare genetic syndrome characterized by facial dysmorphia as well as developmental delay. In the present report we describe a potential association between non-traumatic atlanto-occipital dislocation and NMFLS in an 11-year old female lacking typical facial features of NMFLS.

Case Description: An 11-year-old female with autism presented with symptoms of persistent headache and vomiting as well as neck stiffness.

Clavicle fractures do not increase the occurrence of later subacromial pain syndrome. A registry-based case-control study with 15-25 years of follow-up of 131.838 persons from the Danish National Patient Register.

Background: A clavicle fracture often changes the mechanical axes of the shoulder girdle due to displacement and shortening, potentially leading to scapular protraction and decreased subacromial space. If protraction of the scapula is a major risk factor for developing subacromial pain syndrome (SAPS), a previous clavicle fracture could increase the risk of later SAPS. The purpose of this study was to investigate if a previous clavicle fracture correlates with a higher occurrence or earlier diagnosis of SAPS.

Pediatric Prostatic Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma Presenting with Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression in the Thoracic Spine: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a pediatric malignancy with a variable prognosis depending on tumor stage and genotype. There has been a significant improvement in survival rates over the past decades. However, aggressive variants can metastasize to locations that are difficult to treat.

Interrater reliability of subacromial ultrasound measures in the hands of novice sonographers.

Introduction: Ultrasound measures of subacromial structures are reliable in the hands of experienced sonographers, but it remains unknown if inexperienced clinicians can achieve a satisfactory level of interrater reliability. The aim was to investigate if standardised subacromial ultrasound measures are reliable in the hands of novice sonographers.

Methods: Two novice sonographers performed standardised ultrasound measures on patients diagnosed with subacromial pain syndrome and asymptomatic shoulders.

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Morel-Lavallée lesion (MLL) is a closed degloving injury caused by traumatic sheering of subcutaneous tissue from the underlying fascia. MLL can be classified as acute (less-than 3 months) or chronic (greater-than 3 months or if a capsule has formed). Acute lesions are treated with compression, percutaneous aspiration, sclerodesis, suction-curettage or open surgery depending on vitality of the overlying skin, if fractures are present next to the lesion or if infection has occurred.

Admission Clinical and EEG Features Associated With Mortality and Long-term Neurologic and Cognitive Outcomes in Pediatric Cerebral Malaria.

Background And Objectives: For children with cerebral malaria, mortality is high, and in survivors, long-term neurologic and cognitive dysfunctions are common. While specific clinical factors are associated with death or long-term neurocognitive morbidity in cerebral malaria, the association of EEG features with these outcomes, particularly neurocognitive outcomes, is less well characterized.

Methods: In this prospective cohort study of 149 children age 6 months to 12 years who survived cerebral malaria in Kampala, Uganda, we evaluated whether depth of coma, number of clinical seizures, or EEG features during hospitalization were associated with mortality during hospitalization, short-term and long-term neurologic deficits, or long-term cognitive outcomes (overall cognition, attention, memory) over the 2-year follow-up.

Interrater and intrarater reliability of four different classification methods for evaluating acromial morphology on standardized radiographs.

Background: Acromial morphology is an important pathophysiological factor for the development of subacromial impingement syndrome. There are 3 radiological methods to evaluate acromial morphology: Bigliani, modified Epstein, and acromial angle. However, their reliability have not been compared in a single study, nor using standardized radiographs.

Elemental bioimaging and transcriptomics reveal unchanged gene expression in mouse cerebellum following a single injection of Gadolinium-based contrast agents.

Gadolinium (Gd) deposition in the brain, first and foremost in the dentate nucleus in the cerebellum, following contrast enhanced MRI, rose awareness of potential adverse effects of gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) administration. According to previous in vitro experiments, a conceivable side-effect of Gd deposition could be an alteration of gene expression. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the influence of GBCA administration on gene expression in the cerebellum of mice using a combination of elemental bioimaging and transcriptomics.

Terminology and diagnostic criteria used in studies investigating patients with subacromial pain syndrome from 1972 to 2019: a scoping review.

Introduction: There is no recognised terminology, nor diagnostic criteria, for patients with subacromial pain syndrome (SAPS). This is likely to cause heterogeneity across patient populations. This could be a driver of misconceptions and misinterpretations of scientific results.

Optimization of novel exoscopic blue light filter during fluorescence-guided resection of Glioblastoma.

Purpose: Operative guidelines and use optimization for new surgical exoscopes are not well described in the literature. In this study, we evaluated use of the ORBEYE (Olympus) surgical exoscope system during 5-ALA fluorescence-guided resection of GBMs to optimize workflow and exoscope settings.

Methods: The ORBEYE exoscope system was fitted with a blue light filter for 5-ALA mediated fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS).

Transcriptional profiles in the mouse amygdala after a cognitive judgment bias test largely depend on the genotype.

The amygdala is crucial for emotional cognitive processing. Affective or emotional states can bias cognitive processes, including attention, memory, and decision-making. This can result in optimistic or pessimistic behaviors that are partially driven by the activation of the amygdala.

Image Segmentation of Operative Neuroanatomy Into Tissue Categories Using a Machine Learning Construct and Its Role in Neurosurgical Training.

Background: The complexity of the relationships among the structures within the brain makes efficient mastery of neuroanatomy difficult for medical students and neurosurgical residents. Therefore, there is a need to provide real-time segmentation of neuroanatomic images taken from various perspectives to assist with training.

Objective: To develop the initial foundation of a neuroanatomic image segmentation algorithm using artificial intelligence for education.

The Impact of Varying Food Availability on Gene Expression in the Liver: Testing the Match-Mismatch Hypothesis.

Background: During early phases of life, such as prenatal or early postnatal development and adolescence, an organism's phenotype can be shaped by the environmental conditions it experiences. According to the Match-Mismatch hypothesis (MMH), changes to this environment during later life stages can result in a mismatch between the individual's adaptations and the prevailing environmental conditions. Thus, negative consequences in welfare and health can occur.

Assessing shoulder disability in orthopaedic specialist care: Introducing the Copenhagen Shoulder Abduction Rating (C-SAR).

Background: Differences in shoulder-disability among common shoulder-disorders in orthopaedic specialist care is unknown. Furthermore, rating of shoulder-disability using patient-reported outcomes is time-consuming, and a faster approach is needed.

Objectives: First, compare shoulder-disability among common shoulder-disorders.

C/EBPδ-induced epigenetic changes control the dynamic gene transcription of and .

The proinflammatory alarmins S100A8 and S100A9 are among the most abundant proteins in neutrophils and monocytes but are completely silenced after differentiation to macrophages. The molecular mechanisms of the extraordinarily dynamic transcriptional regulation of and genes, however, are only barely understood. Using an unbiased genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knockout (KO)-based screening approach in immortalized murine monocytes, we identified the transcription factor C/EBPδ as a central regulator of and expression.

Leveraging the Power of the Internet for Neurosurgical Education: A Standardized Survey for the Pursuit of Educational Excellence.

Objective: Our goal was to investigate the presence of surveys to assess neurosurgical educational content and to propose a novel standardized Neurosurgical Education Outcomes Survey (NEOS) with compatible statistical analyses.

Methods: Google Scholar and PubMed were used to conduct a structured literature review for articles published between January 2000 and July 2021 and containing standardized methodology for assessing neurosurgical educational content.

Results: Fifteen studies identified during the search assessed virtual and in-person educational content; however, the literature lacked a standardized assessment.

Monocyte subpopulation profiling indicates CDK6-derived cell differentiation and identifies subpopulation-specific miRNA expression sets in acute and stable coronary artery disease.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a long-lasting inflammatory disease characterized by monocyte migration into the vessel wall leading to clinical events like myocardial infarction (MI). However, the role of monocyte subsets, especially their miRNA-driven differentiation in this scenario is still in its infancy. Here, we characterized monocyte subsets in controls and disease phenotypes of CAD and MI patients using flow cytometry and miRNA and mRNA expression profiling using RNA sequencing.