Comprehensive analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis genomes reveals genetic variations in bacterial virulence.

Tuberculosis, a disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is a significant health problem worldwide. Here, we developed a method to detect large insertions and deletions (indels), which have been generally understudied. Leveraging this framework, we performed a comprehensive analysis of single nucleotide variants and small and large indels across 1,960 Mtb clinical isolates.

Six-MicroRNA Prognostic Signature in Patients With Locally Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Purpose: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been evaluated as biomarkers in cancers. Therefore, we aimed to identify a prognostic miRNA signature from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and validate it in the Ramathibodi (RA) locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LA-HNSCC) cohort.

Methods: The correlation between candidate miRNAs and the survival of patients with LA-HNSCC in TCGA database was analyzed.

Extracellular Vesicles from -mutant Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Promote Cancer Progression.

Background/aim: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are the first-line therapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients harboring activating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. Unfortunately, most patients quickly develop an acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs. However, the effects of NSCLC harboring EGFR-T790M mutation on aggressive NSCLC phenotypes is still unclear.

Plasma extracellular vesicle microRNA-491-5p as diagnostic and prognostic marker for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Poor survival of patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LA-HNSCC) is partly due to early diagnosis difficulties and the lack of reliable biomarkers for predicting treatment outcomes. In the discovery cohort, plasma-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) from LA-HNSCC patients (n = 48) and healthy volunteers (n = 12) were used for profiling for microRNA (miRNA) expression by NanoString analysis. Ten EV-associated miRNAs were differentially expressed between LA-HNSCC patients and healthy volunteers.

Exosomal microRNAs as potential biomarkers for osimertinib resistance of non-small cell lung cancer patients.

Background: Osimertinib is an epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor that specifically targets the T790M mutation in cancer.Unfortunately, most non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients develop osimertinib resistance. Currently, the molecular biomarkers for monitoring osimertinib resistance are not available.

Expression and roles of system L amino acid transporters in human embryonal carcinoma cells.

Background: Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) are the most common malignant cancer in young men. Although TGCTs are generally responsive to platinum-based chemotherapy particularly cisplatin, acquired resistance in patients with metastasis still occurs resulting in poor prognosis. Specifically, differentiation of embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells, the stem cells of TGCTs, can lead to the reduction of cisplatin responsiveness.