The influence of radiological tumor growth pattern on sino‑nasal health in pituitary adenomas.

Pituitary adenomas are one of the most common mass lesions of the brain and are associated with a reduced quality of life. While transnasal and transsphenoidal endoscopic approaches are considered to deliver similar recovery rates for sino-nasal health (SNH), the impact of radiological tumor growth patterns on SNH has not been evaluated. In the present study, the influence of radiological tumor growth on SNH was examined before and after endoscopic transsphenoidal tumor resection.

Variables associated with oral health-related self-efficacy - results of a cross-sectional study.

Background: Oral health-related self-efficacy (OH-SE) is pivotal for oral health and is associated with other oral-health related variables, such as dental fear and anxiety (DF/A) and dental hygiene behaviors (DHB). This study attempts to analyze associations between OH-SE and oral healthrelated variables in a German population to extend previous research by analyzing whether OH-SE can be predicted by these variables, as this might contribute to the development of treatment interventions.

Methods: OH-SE, DF/A, oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), self-perceived dental condition, satisfaction with general health, DHB, and socioeconomic status were assessed as a part of the Saxon Longitudinal Study in an adult sample (n = 309, 56.

Pre-Surgery Patient Health Contributes to Aggravated Sino-Nasal Outcome and Quality of Life after Pituitary Adenomectomy.

: The transphenoidal bi-nostril endoscopic resection of pituitary adenomas is regarded as a minimally invasive treatment nowadays. However, sino-nasal outcome and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) might still be impaired after the adenomectomy, depending on patients' prior medical history and health status. A systematic postoperative comparison is required to assess differences in perceived sino-nasal outcome and HRQoL.

Pituitary enlargement in patients with cerebrospinal fluid drainage due to ventricular shunt insertion: know the condition and do not mistake for adenoma.

Objective: Childhood hydrocephalus patients treated by ventriculo-peritoneal (v.-p.) shunting are sometimes referred years after this therapy for evaluation of suspicious pituitary enlargement.

Quality of life and mood assessment in conservatively treated cavernous malformation-related epilepsy.

Background: To estimate the quality of life, anxiety, depression, and illness perception in patients with medically treated cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) and associated epilepsy.

Methods: Nonsurgically treated patients with CCM-related epilepsy (CRE) were included. Demographic, radiographic, and clinical features were assessed.

How non-veridical perception drives actions in healthy humans: evidence from synaesthesia.

We continually perform actions that are driven by our perception and it is a commonly held view that only objectively perceived changes within the 'real' world affect behaviour. Exceptions are generally only made for mental health disorders associated with delusions and hallucinations where behaviour may be triggered by the experience of objectively non-existent percepts. Here, we demonstrate, using synaesthesia as a model condition (in = 19 grapheme-colour synaesthetes), how objectively non-existent (i.

How the depth of processing modulates emotional interference - evidence from EEG and pupil diameter data.

The ability to process emotionally conflicting information is an important requirement for emotional self-control. While it seems obvious that the impact of interfering emotional information critically depends on how deeply this interfering information is processed, it is still unknown what cognitive subprocesses are most affected by manipulating the depth of processing of emotionally interfering information. We examine these aspects integrating neurophysiological (EEG) and source localization data with pupil diameter data as an indirect index of the norepinephrine (NE) system activity.

How perceptual ambiguity affects response inhibition processes.

The ability to inhibit responses is a central requirement for goal-directed behavior but has been dominated by a top-down or cognitive control view. Only recently, the role of bottom-up perceptual factors were focused in research. However, studies usually use clearly distinguishable stimulus categories to trigger response execution or inhibition.

Stimulus Feature Conflicts Enhance Motor Inhibitory Control Processes in the Lateral Prefrontal Cortex.

The ability to inhibit prepotent responses is a central facet of cognitive control. However, the role of perceptual factors in response inhibition processes is still poorly understood and an underrepresented field of research. In the current study, we focus on the role of conflicts between perceptual stimulus features (so-called S-S conflicts) for response inhibition.

Stimulus-response recoding during inhibitory control is associated with superior frontal and parahippocampal processes.

Inhibitory control is affected by perceptual processes, but the mechanisms how perceptual features affect response inhibition are poorly understood. Theoretical frameworks detailing how variations in stimulus features that create overlaps between response categories can affect action control, like the Theory of Event Coding (TEC), have not been transferred to inhibitory control. We present a novel Go/Nogo paradigm in which we varied stimulus feature overlap between Go and Nogo trials.

RETRACTED: Neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the modulation of cognitive control by simultaneous conflicts.

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal) This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief with the agreement of the authors.

How high-dose alcohol intoxication affects the interplay of automatic and controlled processes.

Binge drinking is an increasingly prevalent pattern of alcohol consumption that impairs top-down cognitive control to a much stronger degree than automatic response generation. Even though an imbalance of those two antagonistic processes fosters the development and maintenance of alcohol use disorders (AUDs), it has never been directly investigated how binge drinking affects the interaction of those two processes. We therefore assessed a sample of n = 35 healthy young men who were asked to perform a newly developed Simon Nogo paradigm once sober and once intoxicated (~1.

Detrimental effects of a high-dose alcohol intoxication on sequential cognitive flexibility are attenuated by practice.

It is well-known that alcohol impairs behavioral control and motor response inhibition, but it has remained rather unclear whether it also impairs cognitive inhibition. As automatized behavior is less vulnerable towards the detrimental effects of alcohol than cognitive control processes, potential cognitive inhibition deficits might however improve with training. We investigated the effect of an acute, binge-like alcohol intoxication in a balanced within-subjects design, asking n=32 healthy young males to perform a backward inhibition paradigm once sober and once while intoxicated (~1.

Effects of multisensory stimuli on inhibitory control in adolescent ADHD: It is the content of information that matters.

Even though deficits in inhibitory control and conflict monitoring are well-known in ADHD, factors that further modulate these functions remain to be elucidated. One factor that may be of considerable importance is how inhibitory control is modulated by multisensory information processing. We examined the influence of concurrent auditory conflicting or redundant information on visually triggered response inhibition processes in adolescent ADHD patients and healthy controls.

How socioemotional setting modulates late-stage conflict resolution processes in the lateral prefrontal cortex.

The goal-directed control of behaviour critically depends on emotional regulation and constitutes the basis of mental well-being and social interactions. Within a socioemotional setting, it is necessary to prioritize effectively the relevant emotional information over interfering irrelevant emotional information to orchestrate cognitive resources and achieve appropriate behavior. Currently, it is elusive whether and how different socioemotional stimulus dimensions modulate cognitive control and conflict resolution.

Response selection codes in neurophysiological data predict conjoint effects of controlled and automatic processes during response inhibition.

The inhibition of prepotent responses is a requirement for goal-directed behavior and several factors determine corresponding successful response inhibition processes. One factor relates to the degree of automaticity of pre-potent response tendencies and another factor relates to the degree of cognitive control that is exerted during response inhibition. However, both factors can conjointly modulate inhibitory control.

Neuronal Intra-Individual Variability Masks Response Selection Differences between ADHD Subtypes-A Need to Change Perspectives.

Due to the high intra-individual variability in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), there may be considerable bias in knowledge about altered neurophysiological processes underlying executive dysfunctions in patients with different ADHD subtypes. When aiming to establish dimensional cognitive-neurophysiological constructs representing symptoms of ADHD as suggested by the initiative for Research Domain Criteria, it is crucial to consider such processes independent of variability. We examined patients with the predominantly inattentive subtype (attention deficit disorder, ADD) and the combined subtype of ADHD (ADHD-C) in a flanker task measuring conflict control.

Working memory load affects repetitive behaviour but not cognitive flexibility in adolescent autism spectrum disorder.

Objectives: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with repetitive and stereotyped behaviour, suggesting that cognitive flexibility may be deficient in ASD. A central, yet not examined aspect to understand possible deficits in flexible behaviour in ASD relates (i) to the role of working memory and (ii) to neurophysiological mechanisms underlying behavioural modulations.

Methods: We analysed behavioural and neurophysiological (EEG) correlates of cognitive flexibility using a task-switching paradigm with and without working memory load in adolescents with ASD and typically developing controls (TD).

Testing interactive effects of automatic and conflict control processes during response inhibition - A system neurophysiological study.

In everyday life successful acting often requires to inhibit automatic responses that might not be appropriate in the current situation. These response inhibition processes have been shown to become aggravated with increasing automaticity of pre-potent response tendencies. Likewise, it has been shown that inhibitory processes are complicated by a concurrent engagement in additional cognitive control processes (e.

The norepinephrine system affects specific neurophysiological subprocesses in the modulation of inhibitory control by working memory demands.

Inhibitory control processes are known to be modulated by working memory demands. However, the neurobiological mechanisms behind these modulations are inconclusive. One important system to consider in this regard is the locus coeruleus (LC) norepinephrine (NE) system.

Perceptual conflict during sensorimotor integration processes - a neurophysiological study in response inhibition.

A multitude of sensory inputs needs to be processed during sensorimotor integration. A crucial factor for detecting relevant information is its complexity, since information content can be conflicting at a perceptual level. This may be central to executive control processes, such as response inhibition.

Intact Context-Dependent Modulation of Conflict Monitoring in Childhood ADHD.

Conflict monitoring is well known to be modulated by context. This is known as the Gratton effect, meaning that the degree of interference is smaller when a stimulus-response conflict had been encountered previously. It is unclear to what extent these processes are changed in ADHD.