Urine organic acid metabolomic profiling by gas chromatography mass spectrometry: Assessment of solvent extract evaporation parameters on the recovery of key diagnostic metabolites.

Background: Analysis of urinary organic acids (UOAs) by gas chromatography mass-spectrometry (GC-MS) is widely used in metabolomic studies. It is a complex test with many limitations and pitfalls yet there is limited evidence in the literature to support best practice. This study investigated the impact of drying down time and temperature on the recovery of 16 key analytes from solvent extracts.

Fetal growth restriction and placental defects in obese mice are associated with impaired decidualisation: the role of increased leptin signalling modulators SOCS3 and PTPN2.

Decidualisation of the endometrium is a key event in early pregnancy, which enables embryo implantation. Importantly, the molecular processes impairing decidualisation in obese mothers are yet to be characterised. We hypothesise that impaired decidualisation in obese mice is mediated by the upregulation of leptin modulators, the suppressor of cytokine signalling 3 (SOCS3) and the protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 (PTPN2), together with the disruption of progesterone (P4)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3) signalling.

Hereditary tyrosinaemia type 1 in the absence of succinylacetone: 4-oxo 6-hydroxyhepanoate (4OHHA), a putative diagnostic biomarker.

Hereditary tyrosinemia type 1 (HT1) is a rare metabolic disease resulting in acute liver failure in early infancy, hypophosphataemic rickets, neurological crises, liver cirrhosis and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma later on in life. It is caused by the deficiency of the enzyme fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase which is involved in the terminal step of the catabolic pathway of tyrosine. Diagnosis is made through clinical suspicion supported by biochemical abnormalities that result from accumulation of upstream metabolites.

Noradrenaline and Adrenoreceptors Are Involved in the Regulation of Prostaglandin I2 Production in the Porcine Endometrium after Experimentally Induced Inflammation.

Endometritis is a common disease in animals, leading to disruption of reproductive processes and economic losses. Noradrenergic control of prostaglandin (PG)I2 formation by inflamed endometrium is unknown. We determined the involvement of α1-, α2- and β-adrenoreceptors (ARs) in noradrenaline-influenced PGI synthase (PGIS) protein abundance and PGI2 release from porcine (1) endometrial explants with ()-induced inflammation in vivo, and (2) lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated endometrial epithelial cells.

New Approach to the Cryopreservation of GV Oocytes and Cumulus Cells through the Lens of Preserving the Intercellular Gap Junctions Based on the Bovine Model.

Differences in structural and functional properties between oocytes and cumulus cells (CCs) may cause low vitrification efficiency for cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs). We have suggested that the disconnection of CCs and oocytes in order to further cryopreservation in various ways will positively affect the viability after thawing, while further co-culture in vitro will contribute to the restoration of lost intercellular gap junctions. This study aimed to determine the optimal method of cryopreservation of the suspension of CCs to mature GV oocytes in vitro and to determine the level of mRNA expression of the genes (, ; , ) and gene-specific epigenetic marks () after cryopreservation and in vitro maturation (IVM) in various culture systems.

Hepcidin and erythroferrone response to 3 weeks of exposure to normobaric hypoxia at rest in trained cyclists.

The effectiveness of altitude training on haematological adaptations is largely dependent on iron metabolism. Hepcidin and erythroferrone (ERFE) are key iron-regulating hormones, yet their response to altitude training is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to analyze changes in hepcidin and ERFE under the influence of 3 weeks of the Live High-Train Low (LH-TL) method.

Chalcogen-Varied Imidazolone Derivatives as Antibiotic Resistance Breakers in Strains.

In this study, a search for new therapeutic agents that may improve the antibacterial activity of conventional antibiotics and help to successfully overcome methicillin-resistant (MRSA) infections has been conducted. The purpose of this work was to extend the scope of our preliminary studies and to evaluate the adjuvant potency of new derivatives in a set of clinical isolates. The study confirmed the high efficacy of piperazine derivatives of 5-arylideneimidazol-4-one (-) tested previously, and it enabled the authors to identify even more efficient modulators of bacterial resistance among new analogs.

Effect of training load on sleep parameters and biochemical fatigue markers in elite swimmers.

The effect of strenuous exercise on sleep patterns in swimmers is equivocal. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to describe possible changes in sleep parameters among elite swimmers subjected to different training loads (TL). Methods: Eighteen elite swimmers (8 females) were monitored across two high-volume preparatory 1-wk periods (P1, P2) and a lower-volume tapering 1-wk period (P3) before a major competition.

miR-125b-5p impacts extracellular vesicle biogenesis, trafficking, and EV subpopulation release in the porcine trophoblast by regulating ESCRT-dependent pathway.

Intercellular communication is a critical process that ensures cooperation between distinct cell types at the embryo-maternal interface. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are considered to be potent mediators of this communication by transferring biological information in their cargo (e.g.

5-HT Receptor Stimulation in Obesity Treatment: Orthosteric Agonists vs. Allosteric Modulators.

Obesity is a substantial health and economic issue, and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is an important neurotransmitter system involved in the regulation of body weight. The 5-HT receptors (5-HTRs), one of 16 of the 5-HT receptor (5-HTRs) subtypes, play a significant role in food intake and body weight control. In this review, we focused on the 5-HTR agonists, such as fenfluramines, sibutramine, and lorcaserin, which act directly or indirectly at 5-HTRs and have been introduced into the clinic as antiobesity medications.

Role of Noradrenaline and Adrenoreceptors in Regulating Prostaglandin E2 Synthesis Cascade in Inflamed Endometrium of Pigs.

In the inflamed uterus, the production and secretion of prostaglandins (PGs) and noradrenergic innervation pattern are changed. Receptor-based control of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production and secretion by noradrenaline during uterine inflammation is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the role of α1-, α2- and β-adrenoreceptors (ARs) in noradrenaline-influenced PG-endoperoxidase synthase-2 (PTGS-2) and microsomal PTGE synthase-1 (mPTGES-1) protein levels in the inflamed pig endometrium, and in the secretion of PGE2 from this tissue.

Design and synthesis of novel arylurea derivatives of aryloxy(1-phenylpropyl) alicyclic diamines with antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria.

The alarming increase in the resistance of bacteria to the currently available antibiotics necessitates the development of new effective antimicrobial agents that are active against bacterial pathogens causing major public health problems. For this purpose, our in-house libraries were screened against a wide panel of clinically relevant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, based on which compound I was selected for further optimization. Synthetic efforts in a group of arylurea derivatives of aryloxy(1-phenylpropyl) alicyclic diamines, followed with an in vitro evaluation of the activity against multidrug-resistant strains identified compound 44 (1-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-(1-{3-phenyl-3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy] propyl}piperidin-4-yl)urea).

A potato late blight resistance gene protects against multiple Phytophthora species by recognizing a broadly conserved RXLR-WY effector.

Species of the genus Phytophthora, the plant killer, cause disease and reduce yields in many crop plants. Although many Resistance to Phytophthora infestans (Rpi) genes effective against potato late blight have been cloned, few have been cloned against other Phytophthora species. Most Rpi genes encode nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat-containing (NLR) immune receptor proteins that recognize RXLR (Arg-X-Leu-Arg) effectors.

A High-Sugar Diet Consumption, Metabolism and Health Impacts with a Focus on the Development of Substance Use Disorder: A Narrative Review.

Carbohydrates are important macronutrients in human and rodent diet patterns that play a key role in crucial metabolic pathways and provide the necessary energy for proper body functioning. Sugar homeostasis and intake require complex hormonal and nervous control to proper body energy balance. Added sugar in processed food results in metabolic, cardiovascular, and nervous disorders.

Investigation of the Role of Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Peptide (PACAP) and Its Type 1 (PAC1) Receptor in Uterine Contractility during Endometritis in Pigs.

Uterine inflammation is a common pathology in animals, leading to disturbances in reproductive processes and reduced production profitability. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) effects at the uterine level during inflammation are not known. In the current study, we analyzed the relative PACAP type 1 receptor (PAC1R) mRNA transcript and protein abundances in the myometrium (MYO), as well s PACAP and PAC1R involvement in the contractile function of inflamed pig uterus.

The Ry immune receptor recognises a broadly conserved feature of potyviral coat proteins.

Knowledge of the immune mechanisms responsible for viral recognition is critical for understanding durable disease resistance and successful crop protection. We determined how potato virus Y (PVY) coat protein (CP) is recognised by Ry , a TNL immune receptor. We applied structural modelling, site-directed mutagenesis, transient overexpression, co-immunoprecipitation, infection assays and physiological cell death marker measurements to investigate the mechanism of Ry -CP interaction.

Vitamin D and upper respiratory tract infections in young active males exposed to cold environments.

Introduction And Objective: Performing indoor and outdoor work in cold environments may result in various adverse effects on human health and may lead to increased risk of respiratory infection. The aim of this study was to determine the relation of vitamin D status to secretory immunoglobulin A concentration, leucocyte counts, cytokine concentrations and incidence of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) episodes in young active men during an autumn-winter period.

Material And Methods: The effect of work in a cold microclimate was studied among 23 young active male ice hockey players during a 19-week study period.

The impact of physical training on neutrophil extracellular traps in young male athletes - a pilot study.

Neutrophils are an important component of the innate immune response against various pathogens. However, there is a lack of research concerning the effects of short intensive training on neutrophil functions, especially neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) formation. The study aim was to determine the effects of a 19-day training cycle on innate immunity among young male athletes.

Intravenous administration of Tat-NR2B9c peptide, a PSD95 inhibitor, attenuates reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior in rats.

Cocaine use disorder is a serious, chronic and relapsing disease of the nervous system, for which effective treatments do not yet exist. Recently, the role of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunit GluN2B has been highlighted in cocaine abstinence followed by extinction training. Since the GluN2B subunit is stabilized at synaptic level by the interaction with its scaffolding protein PSD95, in this study we aimed at investigating efficacy of Tat-NR2B9c peptide, a PSD95 inhibitor, which disrupts the interaction of PSD95 with GluN2B, in the attenuation of cocaine seeking-behavior or cue-induced reinstatement.