Clinical Manifestations.

Background: Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a common young-onset dementia. Challenges to in-person FTD evaluations (e.g.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: Postoperative complications of major surgical interventions include delirium. Delirium is a risk factor for dementia, and in some cases, may signal underlying neuropathological processes. Cognitive tests that accurately predict post-operative outcomes could identify patients with cognitive vulnerabilities who may benefit from preoperative counseling and postoperative interventions.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: The Uniform Data Set (UDS) neuropsychological battery, administered across Alzheimer's Disease Centers (ADC), includes memory tests but lacks a list-learning paradigm. ADCs often supplement the UDS with their own preferred list-learning task. Given the importance of list-learning for characterizing memory, we aimed to develop a harmonized memory score that incorporates UDS memory tests while allowing centers to contribute differing list-learning tasks.

Contributions of Hemolytic Proteins in Virulent Aeromonas hydrophila to Motile Aeromonas Septicemia Disease of Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus).

Hemolytic proteins are a major group of virulence factors in pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila. Six genes encoding presumable hemolytic proteins were revealed from the genome of virulent A. hydrophila (vAh) that caused severe disease in channel catfish.

Intraoperative Burst Suppression by Analysis of Raw Electroencephalogram Postoperative Delirium in Older Adults Undergoing Spine Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Postoperative delirium is a common complication in older adults, associated with poor outcomes, morbidity, mortality, and higher health care costs. Older age is a strong predictor of delirium. Intraoperative burst suppression on the electroencephalogram (EEG) has also been linked to postoperative delirium and poor neurocognitive outcomes.

Preclinical development and characterisation of PP353, a formulation of linezolid for intradiscal administration.

Introduction: Bacterial infection of the intervertebral disc can lead to vertebral endplate edema known as Modic changes, with associated chronic low back pain. Oral antimicrobial therapy has shown efficacy but relies on prolonged dosing and may not be optimal in terms of patient outcome, side effects, or antibiotic stewardship. There is no antibiotic formulation approved for intradiscal administration.

The changing landscape of antimicrobial resistance and use in South Africa: The need for access to new antibiotics: A position paper.

Antibiotic resistance is a global threat, with a disproportionate burden of mortality in low- and middle-income countries. It is increasing in both the public and private healthcare sectors within South Africa, especially in Gram-negative organisms, and is associated with increased use of World Health Organization watch and reserve antibiotics. There is a need for improved access to new antibiotics to treat infections caused by drug-resistant organisms in order to limit side-effects and improve patient outcomes of currently available antibiotics.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of heat exposure impacts on maternal, fetal and neonatal health.

Climate change has severe and wide-ranging health impacts, especially for vulnerable groups. Despite growing evidence of heat-associated adverse maternal and neonatal health outcomes, there remains a lack of synthesis quantifying associations and identifying specific risk periods. We systematically reviewed the literature on heat impacts on maternal, fetal and neonatal health and quantified impacts through meta-analyses.

Supplemental ambient lighting intervention to improve sleep in Parkinson's disease: A pilot trial.

Importance: Sleep disturbances in Parkinson's disease (PD) are common and often adversely affect quality of life. Light therapy has benefited sleep quality and mood outcomes in various populations but results to date with conventional light therapy boxes in PD patients have been mixed. We hypothesized that a passive lighting intervention, applied in the morning and designed to maximally affect the circadian system, would improve measures of sleep and mood in PD patients.

For Whom the Note Scrolls: A Brief History of the Medical Record's Role in Education and the Risks It Faces in the Age of OpenNotes.

Dating back to ancient civilizations when records were carefully transcribed onto papyrus, clinical documentation has long served as a cornerstone of medical-and especially neurologic-education. From the case histories of Hippocrates to the diurnal patient logs used by trainees in the 18th and 19th centuries, clinical notes have an extended history as invaluable instruments of pedagogy, scholarly practice, and interprofessional communication. The novel paradigm introduced by Lawrence Weed in the 1950s, advocating for the problem-oriented medical record system, revolutionized the clinical note template and emphasized the need for physicians' carefully considered analyses of a patient's presentation to be clearly reflected in well-organized documentation.

Cohort profile: Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital maternal HIV cohort, Johannesburg, South Africa.

Purpose: The Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital (RMMCH) maternal HIV cohort originated from data systems that were developed to support HIV-related birth care and track outcomes of a complete birth cohort of HIV-exposed infants at Rahima Moosa Hospital and their mothers living with HIV.

Participants: Supported by the Empilweni Services and Research Unit, maternal and infant data from 13 654 pregnant women living with HIV who delivered their infants (and a subset also attended antenatal care) were collected at RMMCH in Johannesburg, South Africa since 2013. Maternal data were collected using counsellor-administered interviews and the 2013-2018 subset of this cohort was linked to the National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) national HIV cohort-a longitudinal cohort of people living with HIV accessing care in the public sector antiretroviral therapy programme in South Africa that can observe national access to HIV care through laboratory testing data.

Combined-electrical optogenetic stimulation but not channelrhodopsin kinetics improves the fidelity of high rate stimulation in the auditory pathway in mice.

Novel stimulation methods are needed to overcome the limitations of contemporary cochlear implants. Optogenetics is a technique that confers light sensitivity to neurons via the genetic introduction of light-sensitive ion channels. By controlling neural activity with light, auditory neurons can be activated with higher spatial precision.

Redefining feasibility in clinical trials: Collaborative approaches for improved site selection.

Background: This Site Feasibility Task Force convened to assess the complex and burdensome process of site feasibility in clinical trials. The objective was to create mutual understanding of challenges and provide suggestions for improving collaboration among sponsors, contract research organizations (CROs), and sites.

Methods: The task force was composed of representatives from sponsors, CROs and sites (43 % Sites, 20 % Site Networks, 10 % Small/mid-size sponsors, 10 % Small/mid-size CROs, 10 % Large sponsors, 7 % Large CROs).

Sounding out solutions: using SONAR to connect participants with relevant healthcare resources.

Objective: This article outlines a scalable system developed by the All of Us Research Program's Genetic Counseling Resource to vet a large database of healthcare resources for supporting participants with health-related DNA results.

Materials And Methods: After a literature review of established evaluation frameworks for health resources, we created SONAR, a 10-item framework and grading scale for health-related participant-facing resources. SONAR was used to review clinical resources that could be shared with participants during genetic counseling.

Impacts of heat exposure on pregnant women, fetuses and newborns: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Climate Change has wide-ranging and severe health impacts, especially for vulnerable groups. We systematically reviewed the literature (n=198 studies) on heat impacts on maternal, fetal, and neonatal health, conducted meta-analyses to quantify impacts, analysed periods of susceptibility, and graded certainty. Studies covered 66 countries and 23 outcomes.

Pregnancy after kidney and liver transplantation.

Pregnancy in kidney and liver transplant recipients presents unique challenges and risks for both maternal and fetal health. This article examines the management of pregnancy in kidney and liver transplant recipients, focusing on pre-pregnancy counselling, trimester-specific care, the teratogenic effects of immunosuppressive drugs, and the role of the multidisciplinary team. While South African (SA) data on this topic are limited, the Transplant Pregnancy Registry International has provided valuable insights.

A Hospice Transitions Program for Patients in the Emergency Department.

Importance: Patients often visit the emergency department (ED) near the end of life. Their common disposition is inpatient hospital admission, which can result in a delayed transition to hospice care and, ultimately, an inpatient hospital death that may be misaligned with their goals of care.

Objective: To assess the association of hospice use with a novel multidisciplinary hospice program to rapidly identify and enroll eligible patients presenting to the ED near end of life.

The activity of early-life gene regulatory elements is hijacked in aging through pervasive AP-1-linked chromatin opening.

A mechanistic connection between aging and development is largely unexplored. Through profiling age-related chromatin and transcriptional changes across 22 murine cell types, analyzed alongside previous mouse and human organismal maturation datasets, we uncovered a transcription factor binding site (TFBS) signature common to both processes. Early-life candidate cis-regulatory elements (cCREs), progressively losing accessibility during maturation and aging, are enriched for cell-type identity TFBSs.

Bcl-2 Up-Regulation Mediates Taxane Resistance Downstream of APC Loss.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients are treated with traditional chemotherapy, such as the taxane class of drugs. One such drug, paclitaxel (PTX), can be effective in treating TNBC; however, many tumors will develop drug resistance, which can lead to recurrence. In order to improve patient outcomes and survival, there lies a critical need to understand the mechanism behind drug resistance.

Examining Associations Between Smartphone Use and Clinical Severity in Frontotemporal Dementia: Proof-of-Concept Study.

Background: Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is a leading cause of dementia in individuals aged <65 years. Several challenges to conducting in-person evaluations in FTLD illustrate an urgent need to develop remote, accessible, and low-burden assessment techniques. Studies of unobtrusive monitoring of at-home computer use in older adults with mild cognitive impairment show that declining function is reflected in reduced computer use; however, associations with smartphone use are unknown.