Non-technical skills of Norwegian medical students at different training sites: a comparative, observational cohort study.

Purpose: Mastering non-technical skills (NTS) is a fundamental part of the training of new physicians to perform effectively and safely in the medical practice environment. Ideally, they learn these skills during medical school. Decentralized medical education is being implemented increasingly worldwide.

Do emergency medical dispatchers choose the same response to serious injury in men and women - a qualitative study.

Background: Recent research has indicated that sex is an important determinant of emergency medical response in patients with possible serious injuries. Men were found to receive more advanced prehospital treatment and more helicopter transportation and trauma centre destinations and were more often received by an activated trauma team, even when adjusted for injury mechanism. Emergency medical dispatchers choose initial resources when serious injury is suspected after a call to the emergency medical communication centre.

Functional outcome and associations with prehospital time and urban-remote disparities in trauma: A Norwegian national population-based study.

Background: There is a lack of knowledge regarding the functional outcomes of patients after trauma. Remote areas in Norway has been associated with an increased risk of trauma-related mortality. However, it is unknown how this might influence trauma-related morbidity.

Psychoactive substances and previous hospital admissions, triage and length of stay in rural injuries: a prospective observational study.

Background: Patients admitted to hospital after an injury are often found to have used psychoactive substances prior to the injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between psychoactive substances (alcohol, psychoactive medicinal drugs and illicit drugs) and previous hospital admissions, triage and length of stay in the arctic Norwegian county of Finnmark.

Methods: Patients ≥ 18 years admitted due to injury to trauma hospitals in Finnmark from January 2015 to August 2016 were approached.

Collecting evidence of validity for an assessment tool for Norwegian medical students' non-technical skills (NorMS-NTS): usability and reliability when used by novice raters.

Background: The NorMS-NTS tool is an assessment tool for assessing Norwegian medical students' non-technical skills (NTS). The NorMS-NTS was designed to provide student feedback, training evaluations, and skill-level comparisons among students at different study sites. Rather than requiring extensive rater training, the tool should capably suit the needs of busy doctors as near-peer educators.

Effect of urban vs. remote settings on prehospital time and mortality in trauma patients in Norway: a national population-based study.

Background: Norway has a diverse population pattern and often long transport distances from injury sites to hospitals. Also, previous studies have found an increased risk of trauma-related mortality in remote areas in Norway. Studies on urban vs.

Care pathways and factors associated with interhospital transfer to neurotrauma centers for patients with isolated moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury: a population-based study from the Norwegian trauma registry.

Background: Systems ensuring continuity of care through the treatment chain improve outcomes for traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients. Non-neurosurgical acute care trauma hospitals are central in providing care continuity in current trauma systems, however, their role in TBI management is understudied. This study aimed to investigate characteristics and care pathways and identify factors associated with interhospital transfer to neurotrauma centers for patients with isolated moderate-to-severe TBI primarily admitted to acute care trauma hospitals.

Mortality after hospital admission for trauma in Norway: A retrospective observational national cohort study.

Background: National quality data for trauma care in Norway have not previously been reported. We have therefore assessed crude and risk-adjusted 30-day mortality in trauma cases after primary hospital admission on national and regional levels for 36 acute care hospitals and four regional trauma centres.

Methods: All patients in the Norwegian Trauma Registry in 2015-2018 were included.

The development of a tool to assess medical students' non-technical skills - The Norwegian medical students' non-technical skills (NorMS-NTS).

Purpose: New physicians need to master non-technical skills (NTS), as high levels of NTS have been shown to increase patient safety. It has also been shown that NTS can be improved through training. This study aimed to establish the necessary NTS for Norwegian medical students to create a tool for formative and summative assessments.

Close to zero preventable in-hospital deaths in pediatric trauma patients - An observational study from a major Scandinavian trauma center.

Background: In line with international trends, initial treatment of trauma patients has changed substantially over the last two decades. Although trauma is the leading cause of death and disability in children globally, in-hospital pediatric trauma related mortality is expected to be low in a mature trauma system. To evaluate the performance of a major Scandinavian trauma center we assessed treatment strategies and outcomes in all pediatric trauma patients over a 16-year period.

Trauma team training in Norwegian hospitals: an observational study.

Background: Traumatic injuries are a leading cause of deaths in Norway, especially among younger males. Trauma-related mortality can be reduced by structural measures, such as organization of a trauma system. Many hospitals in Norway treat few seriously injured patients, one of the reasons for development of the Norwegian trauma system.

Assessing Trauma Management in Urban and Rural Populations in Norway: A National Register-Based Research Protocol.

Background: Time is considered an essential determinant in the initial care of trauma patients. In Norway, response time (ie, time from dispatch center call to ambulance arrival at scene) is a controversial national quality indicator. However, no national requirements for response times have been established.

Differences in time-critical interventions and radiological examinations between adult and older trauma patients: A national register-based study.

Background: Older trauma patients are reported to receive lower levels of care than younger adults. Differences in clinical management between adult and older trauma patients hold important information about potential trauma system improvement targets. The aim of this study was to compare prehospital and early in-hospital management of adult and older trauma patients, focusing on time-critical interventions and radiological examinations.

Epidemiology of trauma in the subarctic regions of the Nordic countries.

Background: The northern regions of the Nordic countries have common challenges of sparsely populated areas, long distances, and an arctic climate. The aim of this study was to compare the cause and rate of fatal injuries in the northernmost area of the Nordic countries over a 5-year period.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort, we used the Cause of Death Registries to collate all deaths from 2007 to 2011 due to an external cause of death.

Is simulation-based team training performed by personnel in accordance with the INACSL Standards of Best Practice: Simulation?-a qualitative interview study.

Background: Anesthesia personnel was among the first to implement simulation and team training including non-technical skills (NTS) in the field of healthcare. Within anesthesia practice, NTS are critically important in preventing harmful undesirable events. To our best knowledge, there has been little documentation of the extent to which anesthesia personnel uses recommended frameworks like the Standards of Best Practice: Simulation to guide simulation and thereby optimize learning.

Geographical risk of fatal and non-fatal injuries among adults in Norway.

Introduction: A rural gradient in trauma mortality disfavoring remote inhabitants is well known. Previous studies have shown higher risk of traumatic deaths in rural areas in Norway, combined with a paradoxically decreased prevalence of non-fatal injuries. We investigated the risk of fatal and severe non-fatal injuries among all adults in Norway during 2002-2016.

Psychoactive substances have major impact on injuries in rural arctic Norway - A prospective observational study.

Background: Rural areas have increased injury mortality with a high pre-hospital death rate. Knowledge concerning the impact of psychoactive substances on injury occurrence is lacking for rural arctic Norway. These substances are also known to increase pre-, per- and postoperative risk.

Epidemiology of geriatric trauma patients in Norway: A nationwide analysis of Norwegian Trauma Registry data, 2015-2018. A retrospective cohort study.

Introduction: Geriatric patients have a high risk of poor outcomes after trauma and is a rapid-increasing group within the trauma population. Given the need to ensure that the trauma system is targeted, efficient, accessible, safe and responsive to all age groups the aim of the present study was to explore the epidemiology and characteristics of the Norwegian geriatric trauma population and assess differences between age groups within a national trauma system.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective analysis is based on data from the Norwegian Trauma Registry (2015-2018).

Prehospital Tourniquets in Civilians: A Systematic Review.

Objectives: Terrorist attacks and civilian mass-casualty events are frequent, and some countries have implemented tourniquet use for uncontrollable extremity bleeding in civilian settings. The aim of this study was to summarize current knowledge on the use of prehospital tourniquets to assess whether their use increases the survival rate in civilian patients with life-threatening hemorrhages from the extremities.

Design: Systematic literature review in Medline (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), Cochrane Library, and Epistemonikos was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Guidelines.