Pulchelloid A, a sesquiterpene lactone from the Canadian prairie plant Gaillardia aristata inhibits mitosis in human cells.

Background: The Canadian prairie ecosystem presents a rich source of natural products from plants that are subjected to herbivory by grazing mammals. This type of ecological competition may contribute to the production of natural products of interest in cell biology and medical research. We provide the first biological description of the sesquiterpene lactone, pulchelloid A, which we isolated from the prairie plant, Gaillardia aristata (Asteraceae) and report that it inhibits mitosis in human cells.

In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Oxidant, and Cytotoxic Activities of Four Species and the Isolation of Compounds from Rhizome.

The genus is part of the Zingiberaceae family, and many species have been used as traditional medicine and cosmetics in Thailand. To find new cosmeceutical ingredients, the in vitro anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and cytotoxic activities of four species as well as the isolation of compounds from the most active crude extract () were investigated. The crude extract of showed 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity with an IC value of 102.

Bioassay-guided isolation and identification of antidiabetic compounds from leaf extract.

Roxb. ex Choisy (Clusiaceae) is a Thai local edible plant, which has been used for the treatment of diabetes. The aim of this study is to discover and identify bioactive compounds related to antidiabetic properties from the leaf extract of .

α-Glucosidase inhibitory and nitric oxide production inhibitory activities of alkaloids isolated from a twig extract of Polyalthia cinnamomea.

The first phytochemical investigation of Polyalthia cinnamomea led to the isolation and identification of two new oxoprotoberberine alkaloids, (-)-(13aS)-polyalthiacinnamines A and B, together with eleven known compounds. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods. The absolute configuration of miliusacunine E and consanguine B was established by X-ray diffraction analysis using Cu Kα radiation and ECD spectra, whereas the absolute configurations of polyalthiacinnamines A and B were established by comparison of their ECD spectra and specific rotations with those of miliusacunine E and consanguine B.

Chemical Composition of Essential Oils from Different Parts of Craib and Their Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activities.

The essential oils of the fresh rhizomes; flowers; and leaves of Craib were investigated using different extraction techniques; including solid-phase microextraction (SPME), hydrodistillation (HD), and organic solvent (OS), and characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 37 SPME; 19 HD; and 36 OS compounds were identified from the rhizome extract of with the major components being α-pinene; β-pinene; and terpinen-4-ol; respectively. From the flower extract; 16 SPME; 2 HD; and 10 OS compounds were identified; ()-caryophyllene was found as a major compound by these techniques.

Phloroglucinol Benzophenones and Xanthones from the Leaves of and Their Nitric Oxide Production and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities.

Five new compounds-two phloroglucinol benzophenones, garciniacowones F () and G (), and three xanthones, garciniacowones H (), I (), and J ()-together with seven known xanthones (-) were isolated from the fresh leaves of . Their structures were elucidated by detailed analysis of NMR and MS data. Compounds and are phloroglucinol benzophenones containing a polyprenylated bicyclo[3.

Dasymaschalolactams A-E, Aristolactams from a Twig Extract of .

Five new aristolactam alkaloids (-), dasymaschalolactams A-E, and the first isolation of dasymaschalolactone () as a natural product, together with 19 known compounds (- and -) were isolated from the twig extract of . Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods as well as comparisons made from the literature. Compounds and showed α-glucosidase inhibitory activities with IC values of 4.

Uvarialuridols A-C, three new polyoxygenated cyclohexenes from the twig and leaf extracts of Uvaria lurida.

The first phytochemical investigation of Uvaria lurida resulted in the isolation and identification of three new polyoxygenated cyclohexenes, (+)-(1R,2S,3R,6S)-uvarialuridols A-C (1-3), together with 10 known compounds (4-13). All new structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods and HRESIMS. The absolute configurations of compounds 1 and 5 were confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis using Cu Kα radiation.

Antibacterial and Inhibitory Activities against Nitric Oxide Production of Coumaronochromones and Prenylated Isoflavones from .

A chemical investigation of leaf and root extracts of led to the isolation and structural elucidation of four new prenylated isoflavones, millexatins G-J (-), and three new coumaronochromones, millexatins K-M (-), along with 16 known compounds. The structures of the new compounds were determined on the basis of NMR and MS data. Compound is a rare isoflavone having a 2-hydroxyethyl moiety at C-8, whereas the structures of compounds - formally arise from a ring closure through HO-2' and C-2.

Mallopenins A-E, Antibacterial Phenolic Derivatives from the Fruits of .

The chromatographic separation of the components of the acetone extract of fruits yielded five new phenolic compounds including two chalcones, and , a functionalized phloroglucinol, , two flavanones, and , and six known compounds. The structures of - were confirmed by NMR and mass analyses. Racemic compounds and were separated by chiral-phase HPLC, and the absolute configuration of (+)- was confirmed by X-ray diffraction studies and ECD spectroscopic data.

A tocotrienol quinone dimer and xanthones from the leaf extract of Garcinia nigrolineata.

Four new compounds (1-4) together with six known compounds (5-10) were isolated from the leaf extract of Garcinia nigrolineata. Compound 4 is a rare tocotrienol quinone dimer. The structures were elucidated based on NMR and MS data.

Antibacterial and cytotoxic activities of phenolic constituents from the stem extracts of .

A new 2-arylbenzofuran, spathobenzofuran (), together with ten known compounds including a 2-arylbenzofuran, three pterocarpans and six isoflavones were isolated from the acetone crude extract of the stems of . All compounds were characterised by spectroscopic methods. Compound was active (MIC 8 µg/mL) against Gram-negative TISTR 781 while compound had modest activity against Gram-positive TISTR 1466 with a MIC value of 16 µg/mL.

Coumarins and flavones from the fruit and root extracts of .

A phytochemical investigation of the fruit and root extracts of resulted in the isolation and identification of a new compound, integerravone (), together with 23 known compounds (-). Their structures were characterized by spectroscopic methods as well as comparisons made from the literature. Compounds , -, - and - were evaluated for their cytotoxicities against the colon cancer cell line, HCT116.

Antioxidant neolignans from the twigs and leaves of Mitrephora wangii HU.

Two new compounds, odoratisol E (1) and decurrenal A (2), together with 12 known compounds were isolated from the twig and leaf extracts of Mitrephora wangii HU (Annonaceae). All structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. The structure of compound (+)-6 was also confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis.

Antibacterial Prenylated Isoflavonoids from the Stems of Millettia extensa.

The first phytochemical investigation of the stem extract of Millettia extensa resulted in the isolation and identification of six new isoflavones, millexatins A-F (1-6), together with 16 known compounds. The structures of these new compounds were determined on the basis of their spectroscopic data. Millexatin A (1) is a rare isoflavone containing three isoprenyl units on a modified A ring.

New Benzophenones and Xanthones from Cratoxylum sumatranum ssp. neriifolium and Their Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities.

Two new benzophenones (1 and 2) and four new xanthones (4-6 and 17) together with 24 known compounds (3, 7-16, and 18-30) were isolated from the roots and twigs of Cratoxylum sumatranum ssp. neriifolium. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods.

Xanthones from Garcinia propinqua Roots.

Phytochemical investigation of Garcinia propinqua roots led to the isolation and identification of a new xanthone, doitunggarcinone D (1), together with 15 known compounds (2-16). Their structures were elucidated by intensive analysis of spectroscopic data. Compounds 3, 6, 7, 14, 15 and 16 exhibited strong antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis TISTR 088 with MIC values in the range of 1-4 µg/mL.

A New Cytotoxic Clerodane Diterpene from Casearia graveolens Twigs.

The first phytochemical investigation of Casearia graveolens twigs led to the isolation and identification of a new clerodane diterpene, caseariagraveolin (1), together with six known compounds (2-7). Their structures were elucidated by intensive analysis of their spectroscopic data. Compound 1 showed strong cytotoxicity against oral cavity and breast cancer cell lines with IC₅₀ values of 2.

Structures of Nahuoic Acids B-E Produced in Culture by a Streptomyces sp. Isolated from a Marine Sediment and Evidence for the Inhibition of the Histone Methyl Transferase SETD8 in Human Cancer Cells by Nahuoic Acid A.

Nahuoic acids A-E (1-5) have been isolated from laboratory cultures of a Streptomyces sp. obtained from a tropical marine sediment. The structures of the new polyketides 2-5 were elucidated by analysis of spectroscopic data of the natural products and the chemical derivatives 6 and 7.

Bioactive Xanthones from Cratoxylum cochinchinense.

Chemical investigation of Cratoxylum cochinchinense stem bark has led to the isolation and identification of a new xanthone, cochinchinone M (1), together with 12 known compounds. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods, including UV, IR, NMR and MS. Some compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities.

Bioactive prenylated xanthones from the young fruits and flowers of Garcinia cowa.

Five new xanthones, garciniacowones A-E (1-5), together with 14 known xanthones, 6-19, were isolated from the young fruits and fresh flowers of Garcinia cowa. The structures of 1-5 were elucidated by analysis of their 1D and 2D NMR spectra and mass spectrometric data. The compounds 1-19 were tested in vitro for their antimicrobial activity and for their ability to inhibit α-glucosidase.

Antibacterial compounds from Glycosmis puberula twigs.

The first phytochemical investigation of Glycosmis puberula twigs led to the isolation and identification of a new quinolone alkaloid, glycosmispuberulone (1), along with ten known compounds (2-11). The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses and comparison with previously reported data. Their antibacterial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were also evaluated.

Dammarane terpenoids from the fruits of Dysoxylum mollissimum.

Two new dammaranes, dysomollisol (1) and dysomollisone (2), along with seven known compounds (3-9) were isolated and identified from the fruits of Dysoxylum mollissimum. The structures of these compounds were determined on the basis of spectroscopic analyses, including 1D and 2D NMR, UV, IR and mass spectrometry. The antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity against epidermoid carcinoma of oral cavity (KB) cell line of compounds 1-9 were evaluated.

Antibacterial compounds from the roots of Cratoxylumformosum spp. pruniflorum.

Phytochemical investigation of the roots of Cratoxylum formosum spp. pruniflolnnm led to the isolation and identification of a new xanthone, namely cratopruniforone (1), together with 13 known compounds (2-14). Some of these more abundant compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activities.

Three types of cytotoxic natural caged-scaffolds: pure enantiomers or partial racemates.

Two rare new natural products, the neocaged-xanthone pruniflorone T (1) and the rearranged caged-xanthone pruniflorone U (3), and the known caged-xanthone cochinchinone C (2) were isolated from the roots of Cratoxylum formosum ssp. pruniflorum. The unique structures of 1-3 were determined by analysis of NMR and X-ray diffraction data.