Biosorption of aqueous Pb(II) by HPO-activated biochar prepared from palm kernel shells (PKS).

The conversion of palm kernel shells (PKS), a major agricultural waste from the palm oil sector, into a potentially high-value biosorbent for heavy metals-contaminated wastewater treatments was explored in this work. Following carbonization, the activated PKS was chemically activated by soaking the biochar in a phosphoric acid (HPO) solution at 25 °C. The low-temperature approach benefits from less dangerous acid fume production and operational challenges when compared to the high-temperature procedure.

Adsorption kinetics and isotherms of binary metal ion aqueous solution using untreated venus shell.

Among available technologies to remove heavy metals from wastewater, biosorption has gained more attention due to its high removal efficiency, friendly operation, and inexpensive cost. Despite many studies on metal adsorption from single ion solutions, kinetics and isotherms of binary metal ions simultaneously adsorbed onto biosorbents have not been thoroughly investigated to provide insight on involving mechanisms. This study explored the adsorption potential of untreated venus shells (UVS) that can be utilized in economical and environmentally-friendly ways.

Co-digestion of palm oil mill effluent with chicken manure and crude glycerol: biochemical methane potential by monod kinetics.

In Thailand, the palm oil industry produces a huge amount of palm oil mill effluent (POME), mostly used for electricity generation through biogas production. Co-digestion with other waste can further improve biogas yield and solve waste management problems. Most previous studies relied on biochemical methane potential (BMP) assay or batch co-digestion to obtain the optimal mixing ratio, ignoring the kinetic part or treat it for sole discussion of the results.

Natural rubber modification as a pre-vulcanized latex impregnated with TiO for photo-catalytic degradation of gaseous benzene.

Photocatalytic oxidation purposes an economical and environmental friendly process to remove benzene from indoor air pollution. However, the process efficiency is primarily dependent on catalytic-film. The main purpose of this study is to synthesize pre-vulcanized latex impregnated with TiO (PVL-TiO thin film) from natural rubber to be used in photo-catalytic oxidation for benzene removal in a reactor.

Secondary organic aerosol formation from aromatic precursors. 2. Mechanisms for lumped aromatic hydrocarbons.

Quantitative kinetic and physical phase partitioning models of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation resulting from the reactions of lumped aromatic species were integrated into a state of the art mechanism for gas-phase reactions (SAPRC). Aromatic and aerosol precursor species were aggregated based on their rate of reaction with OH radicals. Model parameters for the lumped model species were estimated based on the properties of individual compounds making up the lumped parameters.

Secondary organic aerosol formation from aromatic precursors. 1. Mechanisms for individual hydrocarbons.

Quantitative kinetic and physical phase partitioning models of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation resulting from the reactions of aromatic species were integrated into a mechanism for gas-phase reactions. Using the resulting model, analyses of the sensitivity of SOA formation to several parameters (e.g.