Well-being among PhD candidates.

Objectives: The aim of the pilot study was to demonstrate that PhD students declare lower psychological well-being, and more often complain about psychosomatic symptomsand illnesses compared to individuals who did not continue education after university.

Methods: A total of 270 participants were involved in the study: 135 PhD students (mean age = 30.03 years) and 135 control individuals (mean age = 30.

Higher-Order Language Dysfunctions in Individuals with Alcohol Use Disorder.

Patients with alcohol use disorders (AUD) have difficulties with certain aspects of higher-order language functions (HOLF) but there is no data on a wide range of these functions in this group. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare different aspects of HOLF in patients with AUD and healthy controls (HC). A total of 31 patients with AUD and 44 HC took part in the study.

Metaphor Processing Dysfunctions in Schizophrenia Patients With and Without Substance Use Disorders.

Background: Patients with schizophrenia have difficulties comprehending metaphors, which significantly impedes communication. However, this topic has not been thoroughly studied in people with a dual diagnosis. On this basis, we formulated two research aims: a) to compare the ability to comprehend metaphors in schizophrenia patients without (SZ) and with substance use disorder (SZ-SUD) and b) to determine the relationship between the processing of metaphorical content and the severity of psychopathological symptoms in both clinical groups.

Deliberate self-injury functions and their clinical correlates among adolescent psychiatric inpatients.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to analyze the relationships between clinical variables (the severity of depression symptoms, feelings towards the body, dissociation, number and type of traumatic events) and deliberate self-injury functions. Moreover, we investigated whether the of group self-mutilating adolescents is internally diverse in terms of how important individual functions of self-mutilation are, and whether the subgroups singled out by these functions differ between each other in terms of clinical variables.

Methods: The Inventory of Statements about Self-Injury was used.

[Visuospatial learning in dementia and depression].

Aim: The aim of the study was an analysis of the efficacy, the progress and the structure of disturbances of the visuospatial learning process in patients with dementia, depression and ageing. 96 people were examined altogether. Each of the tested groups was of the same size--32 patients with dementia, depression and ageing.

[Obsessive-compulsive disorder in a patient with septum pellucidum cyst. Psychiatric and psychologic case study].

The aim of this paper is to introduce the bases of neurobiology, embryology and pathology of one of the important structures of the limbic system-septum pellucidum. The presented patient was diagnosed with a septum pellucidum cyst, OCD and depression. The following diagnostic methods have been applied: Beck Depression Inventory, Ways of Life, Rorschach test, Subscales: Similarities, Comprehension, Digit Span of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale, Long-term Memory Subscale of the Choynowski's Memory Scale, verbal fluence test, Rey Complex Figure, Diagnosis of Brain Damages (Weidlich, Lamberti).

[Subjective and objective assessment of memory functions in patients with schizophrenia treated with olanzapine].

Schizophrenic patients often complain of intellectual functioning impairment. The aim of this survey was to define the subjective memory loss by means of objective tests. The tests were carried out in three steps: before the admission to the clinic, after 6 weeks of hospitalisation, and after approximately 12 months from the beginning of the olanzapine treatment, 36 patients were examined (9 female, 27 male) aged 20-53 (X = 25.

[Effect of olanzapine treatment on cognitive functions in patients with schizophrenia].

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess whether olanzapine treatment results in an improvement of cognitive functions that became impaired by the schizophrenic process.

Method: The correlation of the intensity of schizophrenic symptoms and duration of the disease with the level of cognitive functions were also examined. The schizophrenic patients were examined in three steps: before beginning of olanzapine treatment, after 6 weeks of treatment, and after approximately 12 months since the beginning of the olanzapine treatment, 36 patients were examined (9 female, 27 male) aged 20-53 (X = 25.