The literature on communication in patient-centred care typically focuses on physicians' alignment strategies. The goals of these strategies are diagnostic accuracy, effectiveness via compliance and patient-centredness. Although the success of these strategies can to some extent be measured, the ethical standards by which they are evaluated are not sufficiently clear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: Bibliometric analysis of publications was used to investigate the research output relating to the development of drugs in Norway and to evaluate the impact of Norwegian involvement in this research.
Material And Methods: One hundred and nine articles published between 2002 and 2008 were analysed. Bibliometric methods used were as follows: information on peer review, impact factor (IF), the Science Citation Index (SCI) and the representation of Norwegians in the list of authors.
Objective: In Norway, very little data are available on the relation between the total number of research projects on the clinical development of drugs that have been started, the number of these projects in which the research phase has been completed and the number of projects for which results have been published. The aim of this study was to determine the number of projects in which the research phase had been completed and the results published.
Material And Methods: Information on research projects carried out on the clinical development of drugs during the year 2000 was obtained from the archives of the Norwegian Research Ethical Committee (REC) and subsequently analysed.
Objective: Little has been published either concerning the total number of research projects in connection with clinical development of drugs or the number of projects financially supported by the industry.
Methods: From the archives of the five regional Norwegian Research Ethical Committees (REC), all research projects in connection with clinical development of drugs for the years 2000 and 2004 were analysed with the intention of finding the number of projects financially supported by the industry, the type of research institution, the industrial company, the topic of the research as classified in the international Anatomic Therapeutic Classification system (ATC), the research phase and the approval status of the drug by the Norwegian Medicines Agency (NMA).
Results: The total number of research projects for the clinical development of drugs for the years 2000 and 2004 was 489, and 75.
J Laryngol Otol Suppl
October 2005
A material comprising 118 laryngectomy specimens, prepared by whole organ serial sectioning, was analyzed to determine the prognostic significance of histopathological tumor grading. No statistically significant association could be demonstrated between grading and a number of clinical and histopathological variables, including pathological staging, lymph node metastases or recurrence rate. The study supports the contention that the prognostic value of histopathological grading of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma remains uncertain and unproven.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWhole organ sections of laryngectomy specimens, collected over a 10-year period (1976-1985) from 118 patients with carcinoma of the larynx, were reviewed. The aim of the investigation was to compare the histopathological data with the rate of recurrence to evaluate which factors were most significant in predicting recurrence. Epitome chi2 analysis of frequency tables using corrected Yates' values revealed significant association between the recurrence rate and the depth of tumor infiltration, the presence of tumor cells at the surgical margins and the pathological TNM (tumor, nodes, metastases) stage.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys
May 2002
Purpose: To investigate late radiation effects on hearing, vestibular function, and taste after conventional radiotherapy in brain tumor patients.
Methods And Materials: Hearing, vestibular function, and taste were assessed in 33 brain tumor patients irradiated unilaterally to the tumor-bearing hemisphere and the temporal bone. Median observation time after completion of radiotherapy was 13 years; the fraction dose was 1.
Objective: The aim of the investigation is to throw light on the influence of the pharmaceutical industry on clinical research in Norway. The files of the five regional medical research ethics committees, which contain the application forms and the protocols of all the research projects on humans, were used as source for the statistics. The projects were first classified and registered in two groups: pharmacology/pharmacotherapy and others.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA retrospective comparison of treatment policies in two institutions revealed a change in the reliance on radiotherapy. Since 1978, high-energy, high-dosage radiotherapy has played a prominent role in the primary therapy of squamous cell carcinoma of the supraglottic larynx. Statistically, the overall determinate survival rate has improved compared with results during the preceding period, but the death rate from intercurrent disease and second primary cancers has remained unchanged.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe sensory cells of the inner ear are vulnerable to several agents (aminoglycosides, cytostatics, ionizing irradiation). The effect of strong magnetic fields occurring in industries with production based on electrolytic processes and with medical magnetic resonance equipment is unknown. The aim of this study was to clarify the effect of strong static magnetic fields on the inner ear, by exposing 11 healthy men to a magnetic field with flux density of 2-7 mT for 9 h.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn addition to the previously observed band system nu6 + (n + 1)nu9-nnu9 with n = 0 to 7, Deltal = 0, and l = n near 611 cm-1, we have identified the nu6 + (n + 1)nu9 - (n + 2)nu9 system with n = 0 to 6, Deltal = 0, and l = n + 2 near 397 cm-1. From these bands the rovibrational levels of the states (v6, nv9) with n < 4 have been determined and spectroscopic parameters have been obtained taking into account rotational and vibrational l-type resonances. Effective anharmonicity constants x69 and g69 have been calculated also for levels with n >/= 4.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRetrospective analysis of patient records at two hospitals was performed with the principal goal of clarifying the role of primary radiotherapy ill patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the supraglottic larynx. Primary surgery was frequently performed during the first period from 1958 to 1978. Primary radiotherapy with surgery in reserve was the prevailing therapy during the second period from 1978 to 1993.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn the infrared spectrum of dicyanoacetylene the rotation vibration bands nu1 - nu9/2nu5 - nu9, nu1 + nu9/2nu5 + nu9 (Fermi resonance), nu2 - nu9, nu2 + nu8, nu4, nu6 - nu9, nu6 + nu8 - nu6, nu4 - nu7, nu4 + nu7, nu4 + nu7 - nu7, nu7 + nu8 - nu7, and 2nu7 + nu8 - nu7 (I and II) have been recorded with high resolution. From these bands the vibrational levels v1 = 1, v2 = 1, v4 = 1, v6 = 1, and v7 = 1 including the corresponding effective rotational constants have been calculated. Different methods for calculating the unperturbed position of the v1 = 1 level have been compared and the unperturbed B1 has been calculated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: The scientific quality of research is an important ethical issue. To clarify the quality of research projects in pharmacotherapy/pharmacology, 40 randomly selected research projects in pharmacotherapy/pharmacology submitted to a research ethics committee were reviewed.
Results: Eight of the projects would not have contributed new knowledge nor were they necessary as controls for the results of previous research.
Acta Otolaryngol
March 1994
With the object to disclose an association between laryngeal papillomatosis and laryngeal carcinoma, we reviewed 102 patients with laryngeal papillomatosis treated between 1950 and 1979. Seven cases of laryngeal carcinomas were recorded and 1 patient with spread of papilloma to the bronchial tree developed a bronchial carcinoma. The time between onset of papilloma and diagnosis of carcinoma was 4-55 years (mean 24 years).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClinical findings, treatment and results have been recorded prospectively in 661 patients with carcinoma of the head and neck. With an average follow-up of 3 years 7813 follow-up consultations revealed 220 recurrences. The overall "recurrence pick-up rate" and subsequent "cure rate" was 1:36 and 1:113 consultations, respectively.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis survey is based on our own experiences and a study of the literature. The CO2 laser has certain advantages in the surgical treatment of otosclerosis, both in the primary operation and in reoperation. In rhinal surgery the argon laser has been used with good results in Osler's disease.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe daily use of hearing aids was investigated in two groups of persons over 70 years of age. One group received only initial instruction in the use of the hearing aid. In this group only six of the 35 patients used their hearing aid every day or on most days.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTidsskr Nor Laegeforen
June 1990
543 persons over 70 years of age and living in Akershus county near Oslo were offered a hearing test at the local health centre. 495 (91%) were tested. The test revealed that 111 (22.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImpairment of vocal cord function is a threat to patients with thyroid carcinoma; either due to the tumor having infiltrated the larynx or the recurrent nerve, or to accidental damage to the laryngeal nerves during thyroid surgery. We have reviewed 1,245 patients' records which were filed under the diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma at Det Norske Radiumhospital from 1956 to 1978. Pareses of vocal cords were noted in 465 patients (37.
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