Factors Associated With Early Computed Tomography Imaging in Children Hospitalized With Severe Orbital Infections.

Objective: We identified factors associated with computed tomographic (CT) imaging within 24 hours of emergency department (ED) presentation in hospitalized children with severe orbital infections.

Patients And Methods: A multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted that included children aged 2 months to 18 years between 2009 and 2018 who were admitted to the hospital with severe orbital infections, including periorbital and orbital cellulitis. Multivariable modified Poisson regression was used to identify possible factors associated with receiving a CT scan within 24 hours of ED presentation.

Hospital admission from the emergency department for selected emergent diagnoses during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario: a retrospective population-based study.

Background: Avoidance of care during the pandemic may have contributed to delays in care, and as a result, worse patient outcomes. We evaluated markers of illness acuity on presentation to the emergency department among patients with non-COVID-19-related emergent diagnoses and associated outcomes.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study using linked administrative data from Ontario.

Is anyone truly healthy? Trends in health risk factors prevalence and changes in their associations with all-cause mortality.

Objective: The purpose of the study was to determine trends in the prevalence of individual health risk factors across time and to examine if their associations with mortality have changed over time.

Methods: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES III- 1988-1994 and NHANES 1999-2014; age ≥20 years) was used to examine differences in the odds ratio (OR) of 5-year mortality risk associated with various common health risk factors over the two survey periods using weighted logistic regression analysis adjusting for age, sex, obesity category and white ethnicity (n = 28,279).

Results: Over 97% of individuals had at least one of the 19 risk factors examined with no difference in the prevalence over time (P>0.

Outpatient psychiatric service use is associated with a reduced risk of 1-year readmission and mortality following alcohol-related hospitalizations: A historical cohort study.

Introduction: Alcohol-related hospitalizations are common and associated with high rates of short-term readmission and mortality. Providing rapid access to physician-based mental health and addiction (MHA) services post-discharge may help to reduce the risk of adverse outcomes in this population. This study used population-based data to evaluate the prevalence of outpatient MHA service use following alcohol-related hospitalizations and its association with downstream harms.

Clarifying rural-urban disparities in alcohol-related emergency department visits and hospitalizations in Ontario, Canada: A spatial analysis.

Purpose: Rates of alcohol-related harm are higher in rural versus urban Canada. This study characterized the spatial distribution and regional determinants of alcohol-related emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations in Ontario to better understand this rural-urban disparity.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional spatial analysis of rates of alcohol-related ED visits and hospitalizations by Ministry of Health subregion (n = 76) in Ontario, Canada between 2016 and 2019.

Rural-urban disparities in post-discharge outcomes following alcohol-related hospitalizations in Ontario, Canada: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: Limited access to mental health and addiction (MHA) services in rural areas may increase the risk of recurrent alcohol-related harm among rural, relative to urban, residents. This study evaluated (1) rural-urban differences in clinical trajectories following alcohol-related hospitalizations and (2) whether limited access to MHA services mediates an increased risk of adverse post-discharge outcomes in rural areas.

Methods: This was a population-based retrospective cohort study of individuals in Ontario, Canada, who experienced an alcohol-related hospitalization between 2016 and 2018.

Patients experience a need for informal care after a fragility fracture.

Unlabelled: In this qualitative secondary analysis, patients with a fragility fracture described needing informal care post-fracture. A significant proportion reported receiving no care or not enough care, often devising strategies to care for themselves. Requesting help from multiple individuals allowed patients to minimize the burden to family and friends.

Age- and sex- specific all-cause mortality risk greatest in metabolic syndrome combinations with elevated blood pressure from 7 U.S. cohorts.

Background: The association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and all-cause mortality is well established but it is unclear if there are differences in mortality risk among the 32 possible MetS combinations. Hence, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the associations between different MetS combinations and its individual components with all-cause mortality, and to examine differences in the association by age and sex.

Methods: A merged sample of 82,717 adults from 7 U.

Acutherapy for Knee Osteoarthritis Relief in the Elderly: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Purpose: This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the effects of various acutherapies on knee osteoarthritis (KOA) relief in the elderly.

Methods: Five databases were accessed from inception to July 2017 for searching randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on acutherapy for KOA relief in the elderly. Data were pooled after trial quality assessment for meta-analysis.

Self-contamination during doffing of personal protective equipment by healthcare workers to prevent Ebola transmission.

Background: Healthcare workers (HCWs) use personal protective equipment (PPE) in Ebola virus disease (EVD) situations. However, preventing the contamination of HCWs and the environment during PPE removal crucially requires improved strategies. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of three PPE ensembles, namely, Hospital Authority (HA) Standard Ebola PPE set (PPE1), Dupont Tyvek Model, style 1422A (PPE2), and HA isolation gown for routine patient care and performing aerosol-generating procedures (PPE3) to prevent EVD transmission by measuring the degree of contamination of HCWs and the environment.

Effects of heel height and high-heel experience on foot stability during quiet standing.

Background: The use of high-heeled shoes (HHS) introduces instability into the wearer's balance system but how high-heel experience might influence standing balance is less examined in literature.

Research Question: (1) Does foot stability decrease in both the antero-posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML) directions with increasing heel height during quiet standing? (2) Does high-heel experience improve the wearer's foot stability during quiet standing in high-heeled conditions?

Methods: Twenty-four young females (12 regular and 12 non-regular HHS wearers) were recruited to perform quiet standing while wearing shoes with heel heights of 1 cm, 5 cm, 8 cm and 10 cm. The effects of heel height on the mean center of pressure (COP), their variability (standard deviations) and mean COP velocities in both the AP and ML directions were analysed by one-way repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc test.

Optimization method for the determination of Mooney-Rivlin material coefficients of the human breasts in-vivo using static and dynamic finite element models.

It has been a long-standing problem in the engineering design of bra for optimal support and shaping due to the difficulty of quantifying the hyper-elastic properties of human breasts. The objective of this study is to determine an optimal approach to obtain the non-linear properties of breast soft tissues and the corresponding deformations during motions. The Mooney-Rivlin material parameters of the breasts in-vivo were verified through an optimization process that involved iteratively changing the material coefficients with the integration of static and dynamic finite element models.

Novel, Broadly Reactive Anticapsular Antibodies against Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Protect from Infection.

Carbapenem-resistant (CR) sequence type 258 (ST258) has become an urgent health care threat, causing an increasing number of high-mortality infections. Its resistance to numerous antibiotics and threat to immunocompromised patients necessitate finding new therapies to combat these infections. Previous successes in the laboratory, as well as the conservation of capsular polysaccharide (CPS) among the members of the ST258 clone, suggest that monoclonal antibody (MAb) therapy targeting the outer polysaccharide capsule of could serve as a valuable treatment alternative for afflicted patients.

Persistence and Fadeout in the Impacts of Child and Adolescent Interventions.

Many interventions targeting cognitive skills or socioemotional skills and behaviors demonstrate initially promising but then quickly disappearing impacts. Our paper seeks to identify the key features of interventions, as well as the characteristics and environments of the children and adolescents who participate in them, that can be expected to sustain persistently beneficial program impacts. We describe three such processes: skill-building, foot-in-the-door and sustaining environments.

A piecewise mass-spring-damper model of the human breast.

Previous models to predict breast movement whilst performing physical activities have, erroneously, assumed uniform elasticity within the breast. Consequently, the predicted displacements have not yet been satisfactorily validated. In this study, real time motion capture of the natural vibrations of a breast that followed, after raising and allowing it to fall freely, revealed an obvious difference in the vibration characteristics above and below the static equilibrium position.

Primary care closed claims experience of Massachusetts malpractice insurers.

Importance: Despite prior focus on high-impact inpatient cases, there are increasing data and awareness that malpractice in the outpatient setting, particularly in primary care, is a leading contributor to malpractice risk and claims.

Objective: To study patterns of primary care malpractice types, causes, and outcomes as part of a Massachusetts ambulatory malpractice risk and safety improvement project.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Retrospective review of pooled closed claims data of 2 malpractice carriers covering most Massachusetts physicians during a 5-year period (January 1, 2005, through December 31, 2009).

A study of breast motion using non-linear dynamic FE analysis.

Unlabelled: This paper presents a new method to simulate non-linear breast motion by using a three-dimensional (3D) dynamic finite element model (FEM). The model consists of a thorax with two breasts and three skin layers with specific mechanical properties. Using free breast vibration, the viscous damping ratios were ascertained to be 0.

3-D breast anthropometry of plus-sized women in South Africa.

Exploratory retail studies in South Africa indicate that plus-sized women experience problems and dissatisfaction with poorly fitting bras. The lack of 3-D anthropometric studies for the plus-size women's bra market initiated this research. 3-D body torso measurements were collected from a convenience sample of 176 plus-sized women in South Africa.

Garment needs of pregnant women based on content analysis of in-depth interviews.

Aims: This study aims to identify the needs, concerns and problems of pregnant women when using maternity support garments.

Background: Maternity support belt is regarded as helpful in reducing low back pain during pregnancy. However, several garment-related problems exist which might lead to poor adherence behaviour undermining the benefit of garment therapy.

Effectiveness of maternity support belts in reducing low back pain during pregnancy: a review.

Aims: This article aims to review the literature published to date on the types, current use, the biomechanical effects and adverse effects of maternity support belts for low back pain during pregnancy, to identify future research directions.

Background: Lumbar/pelvic support belts are frequently recommended for the prevention and treatment of low back pain during pregnancy.

Design: Systematic review.

Evaluation of the performance of using mean absolute amplitude analysis of thoracic and abdominal signals for immediate indication of sleep apnoea events.

Aim: To evaluate the sensitivity of mean absolute amplitudes of the thoracic and the abdominal signals as a prompt indicator of the occurrence of sleep apnoea events.

Background: To provide symptomatic management of sleep apnoea, a reliable method of detecting sleep apnoea is essential to ensure that the intervention can be applied only when needed. It is also crucial to identify the threshold for the trigger of an intervention using a deployed sensor.