An updated systematic review of the risk factors for unplanned dialysis initiation.

Background: Previously, a comprehensive review of the risk factors for unplanned dialysis initiation (UDI) was conducted by Hassan (2019), based on studies published up to the end of 2017. They demonstrated that high-quality data and well-designed studies on the subject are lacking. Thus we updated their review to establish the modifiable factors associated with UDI.

Do outcomes for patients with hospital-acquired Acute Kidney Injury (H-AKI) vary across specialties in England?

Background: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a common and serious clinical syndrome. There is increasing recognition of heterogeneity in observed AKI across different clinical settings. In this analysis we have utilised a large national dataset to outline, for the first time, differences in burden of hospital acquired AKI (H-AKI) and mortality risk across different treatment specialities in the English National Health Service (NHS).

Advanced chronic kidney disease among UK children.

Unlabelled: The UK Renal Registry currently collects information on UK children with kidney failure requiring long-term kidney replacement therapy (KRT), which supports disease surveillance and auditing of care and outcomes; however, data are limited on children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) not on KRT.

Methods: In March 2020, all UK Paediatric Nephrology centres submitted data on children aged <16 years with severely reduced kidney function as of December 2019, defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate <30 mL/min/1.73 m.

Symptom clusters in chronic kidney disease and their association with people's ability to perform usual activities.

Background: People living with a long-term condition, such as chronic kidney disease (CKD), often suffer from multiple symptoms simultaneously, making symptom management challenging. This study aimed to identify symptom clusters in adults with CKD across treatment groups and investigate their association with people's ability to perform their usual activities.

Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of both cross-sectional and longitudinal data collected as part of a national service improvement programme in 14 kidney centres in England, UK.

Patient activation and its association with symptom burden and quality of life across the spectrum of chronic kidney disease stages in England.

Background: The knowledge, skills, and confidence to manage one's own health is termed patient activation and can be assessed using the Patient Activation Measure (PAM). This measure is increasingly recommended for use in chronic kidney disease (CKD), but there is a need to better understand patient activation within this population. This work aimed to explore the association of PAM with patient-reported outcomes, namely symptom burden and health-related quality of life (HRQoL), to understand the relationship between patient activation and outcomes which are of importance to people with CKD.

Sociodemographic features and mortality of individuals on haemodialysis treatment who test positive for SARS-CoV-2: A UK Renal Registry data analysis.

Kidney disease is a recognised risk factor for poor COVID-19 outcomes. Up to 30 June 2020, the UK Renal Registry (UKRR) collected data for 2,385 in-centre haemodialysis (ICHD) patients with COVID-19 in England and Wales. Overall unadjusted survival at 1 week after date of positive COVID-19 test was 87.

Pancreatic cancer incidence and survival and the role of specialist centres in resection rates in England, 2000 to 2014: A population-based study.

Background: The aim was to compare population-based survival for exocrine pancreatic cancer in England in the 23 regions covered by specialist centres. The centres were initiated in 2001, covering populations of 2-4 million.

Methods: We examined incidence for adults diagnosed with a pancreatic exocrine cancer during 1995-2014 and age-standardised net survival up to five years after diagnosis for patients diagnosed during 2000-2013.

Association between age, deprivation and specific comorbid conditions and the receipt of major surgery in patients with non-small cell lung cancer in England: A population-based study.

Introduction: We investigated socioeconomic disparities and the role of the main prognostic factors in receiving major surgical treatment in patients with lung cancer in England.

Methods: Our study comprised 31 351 patients diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer in England in 2012. Data from the national population-based cancer registry were linked to Hospital Episode Statistics and National Lung Cancer Audit data to obtain information on stage, performance status and comorbidities, and to identify patients receiving major surgical treatment.

Childhood cancer incidence and survival in Japan and England: A population-based study (1993-2010).

The present study aimed to compare cancer incidence and trends in survival for children diagnosed in Japan and England, using population-based cancer registry data. The analysis was based on 5192 children with cancer (age 0-14 years) from 6 prefectural cancer registries in Japan and 21 295 children diagnosed in England during 1993-2010. Differences in incidence rates between the 2 countries were measured with Poisson regression models.

HIV/AIDS and contraceptive use: factors associated with contraceptive use among sexually active HIV-positive women in Kenya.

Objectives: With increased availability of antiretroviral therapy and improved survival for people living with HIV, more HIV-positive women are leading full reproductive lives. However, HIV-positive women have special contraceptive needs/concerns. This paper examines the individual and community-level HIV/AIDS factors associated with contraceptive use and compares predictors of contraceptive uptake between HIV-positive and HIV-negative women in Kenya.