Reflective and refractive objects for mixed reality.

In this paper, we present a novel rendering method which integrates reflective or refractive objects into a differential instant radiosity (DIR) framework usable for mixed-reality (MR) applications. This kind of objects are very special from the light interaction point of view, as they reflect and refract incident rays. Therefore they may cause high-frequency lighting effects known as caustics.

Risk of chipping or facings failure of metal ceramic fixed partial prostheses--a retrospective data record analysis.

This retrospective study investigated the frequency and time history of chipping or facings failure of three-unit and four-unit tooth-supported metal ceramic (MC) fixed partial prostheses (FPDs). Six hundred fifty-four MC FPDs were inserted according to a standardized treatment protocol at the Department of Prosthodontics of the Regensburg University Medical Center between 1984 and 2009. Frequency and time history of chipping or facings failure as well as possible risk factors were evaluated on the basis of historical clinical data.

Investigation of the aluminium biokinetics in humans: a 26Al tracer study.

Despite the well-known toxicity of aluminium in chronic renal failure, a solid database on its biokinetics has been difficult to establish. A highly sensitive method using (26)Al as tracer and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) for detection was used. No perturbing background and saturation effects were taken into account using a delta function input of aluminium in time.

Compartmental model for aluminium biokinetics.

An open compartmental model for describing aluminium biokinetics is presented with a central compartment consisting of transferrin- and citrate-bound aluminium in blood plasma and interstitial fluid, and three peripheral compartments for organs, muscles and bones and the gastro-intestinal tract. The rate constants describing the transport of aluminium are normalized to an estimated plasma volume and do not depend on the size of the individual. Effects due to changes in compartmental sizes or to transport characteristics are described.

Alkaloids from marine organisms, Part 5. Biomimetic total synthesis of lamellarin L by coupling of two different arylpyruvic acid units.

Reaction of the ethyl 3-arylpyruvate 5a with the methyl 2-bromo-3-arylpyruvate 6b in the presence of the 2-arylethylamine 4 afforded the pyrrole derivative 10, which could be transformed into lamellarin L (1) in five steps. The synthesis proceeds with 38% overall yield and mimics the probable biosynthesis of these marine alkaloids.