Novel Insights into Enhanced Stability of Li-Rich Layered and High-Voltage Olivine Phosphate Cathodes for Advanced Batteries through Surface Modification and Electron Structure Design.

The design of cathode/electrolyte interfaces in high-energy density Li-ion batteries is critical to protect the surface against undesirable oxygen release from the cathodes when batteries are charged to high voltage. However, the involvement of the engineered interface in the cationic and anionic redox reactions associated with (de-)lithiation is often ignored, mostly due to the difficulty to separate these processes from chemical/catalytic reactions at the cathode/electrolyte interface. Here, a new electron energy band diagrams concept is developed that includes the examination of the electrochemical- and ionization- potentials evolution upon batteries cycling.

π-HuB: the proteomic navigator of the human body.

The human body contains trillions of cells, classified into specific cell types, with diverse morphologies and functions. In addition, cells of the same type can assume different states within an individual's body during their lifetime. Understanding the complexities of the proteome in the context of a human organism and its many potential states is a necessary requirement to understanding human biology, but these complexities can neither be predicted from the genome, nor have they been systematically measurable with available technologies.

Cell-Specific Regulation of Inflammatory Cytokines and Acute-Phase Proteins by the Glucocorticoid Receptor.

Background: Literature and data mining found abnormal induction of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) and CXCL8 and down-regulation of CXCL2 in inflammatory liver diseases. This study was performed to understand the glucocorticoid receptor's (GR's) effects on chemokine and acute-phase protein expression in human liver, in settings of bacterial infection (modeled using LPS) or inflammation (modeled using TNF).

Methods: Primary human hepatocytes (PHH) were treated with combinations of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and dexamethasone (DEX) for 24 h, following which chemokine mRNA and protein expression were analyzed using qPCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay assays.

Egr1 regulates regenerative senescence and cardiac repair.

Senescence plays a key role in various physiological and pathological processes. We reported that injury-induced transient senescence correlates with heart regeneration, yet the multi-omics profile and molecular underpinnings of regenerative senescence remain obscure. Using proteomics and single-cell RNA sequencing, here we report the regenerative senescence multi-omic signature in the adult mouse heart and establish its role in neonatal heart regeneration and agrin-mediated cardiac repair in adult mice.

Identification of Plant Compounds with Mass Spectrometry Imaging (MSI).

The presence and localization of plant metabolites are indicative of physiological processes, e.g., under biotic and abiotic stress conditions.

Coherent control of rare earth 4f shell wavefunctions in the quantum spin liquid TbTiO.

The resonant excitation of electronic transitions with coherent laser sources creates quantum coherent superpositions of the involved electronic states. Most time-resolved studies have focused on gases or isolated subsystems embedded in insulating solids, aiming for applications in quantum information. Here, we focus on the coherent control of orbital wavefunctions in the correlated quantum material TbTiO, which forms an interacting spin liquid ground state.

Active polar ring polymer in shear flow-An analytical study.

We theoretically study the conformational and dynamical properties of semiflexible active polar ring polymers under linear shear flow. A ring is described as a continuous semiflexible Gaussian polymer with a tangential active force of a constant density along its contour. The linear but non-Hermitian equation of motion is solved using an eigenfunction expansion, which yields activity-independent, but shear-rate-dependent, relaxation times and activity-dependent frequencies.

An intense 60-day weight-loss course leads to an 18 kg body weight reduction and metabolic reprogramming of soldiers with obesity.

Soldiers of the Mexican Army with obesity were subjected to an intense 60-day weight-loss course consisting of a controlled diet, daily physical training, and psychological sessions. The nutritional treatment followed the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) recommendations, incorporating elements of the traditional diet in the nutritional intervention. The total energy intake was reduced by 200 kcal every 20 days, starting with 1,800 kcal and ending with 1,400 kcal daily.

Increased peritoneal B1-like cells during acute phase of human septic peritonitis.

Sepsis is a life-threatening condition caused by dysregulated host responses to infection. Myeloid cell accumulation and lymphocyte decline are widely recognized phenomena in septic patients. However, the fate of specific immune cells remains unclear.

Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor, a Heterogeneous, Aggressive Cancer with Diverse Biomarkers and No Targeted Standard of Care: Review of the Literature and Ongoing Investigational Agents.

Background: Malignant peripheral sheath tumor (MPNST) is a rare, aggressive form of soft-tissue sarcoma that presents a unique set of diagnostic and treatment challenges and is associated with major unmet treatment medical needs.

Objective: The chief aim of this review is to consider the epidemiology, histology, anatomic distribution, pathologic signaling pathways, diagnosis, and management of MPNST, with a focus on potential targeted therapies. A subordinate objective was to establish benchmarks for the antitumor activity of such treatments.

Nanoscale, surface-confined phase separation by electron beam induced oxidation.

Electron-assisted oxidation of Co-Si-based focused electron beam induced deposition (FEBID) materials is shown to form a 2-4 nm metal oxide surface layer on top of an electrically insulating silicon oxide layer less than 10 nm thick. Differences between thermal and electron-induced oxidation on the resulting microstructure are illustrated.

Volatile Semiochemicals Emitted by Modulate Larval Feeding Behavior and Food Choice Preference in (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

is an entomopathogenic fungus that parasitizes and kills insects. The role of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by acting as semiochemicals during its interaction with lepidopterans is poorly explored. Here, we studied the effect of VOCs from and 3-methylbutanol (as a single compound) on the feeding behavior of L2 larvae of in sorghum plants.

Origin of Pinning Disorder in Magnetic-Field-Induced Wigner Solids.

At low Landau level filling factors (ν), Wigner solid phases of two-dimensional electron systems in GaAs are pinned by disorder and exhibit a pinning mode, whose frequency is a measure of the disorder that pins the Wigner solid. Despite numerous studies spanning the past three decades, the origin of the disorder that causes the pinning and determines the pinning mode frequency remains unknown. Here, we present a study of the pinning mode resonance in the low-ν Wigner solid phases of a series of ultralow-disorder GaAs quantum wells which are similar except for their varying well widths d.

Multi-Stimuli Operando Transmission Electron Microscopy for Two-Terminal Oxide-Based Devices.

The integration of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)-based chips for in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has emerged as a highly promising technique in the study of nanoelectronic devices within their operational parameters. This innovative approach facilitates the comprehensive exploration of electrical properties resulting from the simultaneous exposure of these devices to a diverse range of stimuli. However, the control of each individual stimulus within the confined environment of an electron microscope is challenging.

Technical Note: mzML and imzML Libraries for Processing Mass Spectrometry Data with the High-Performance Programming Language Julia.

Julia combines the virtues of high-level and low-level programming languages: The code is human-readable, and the performance of the created binaries competes with machine-orientated compilers. Thus, Julia is popular in "Big Data" sciences. Reading mass spectrometry (MS) data with Julia was impossible until now due to missing libraries.

Weld-free mounting of lamellae for electrical biasing operando TEM.

Recent advances in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)-based substrates and sample holders for in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are currently enabling exciting new opportunities for the nanoscale investigation of materials and devices. The ability to perform electrical testing while simultaneously capturing the wide spectrum of signals detectable in a TEM, including structural, chemical, and even electronic contrast, represents a significant milestone in the realm of nanoelectronics. In situ studies hold particular promise for the development of Metal-Insulator-Metal (MIM) devices for use in next-generation computing.

Development of novel liver-targeting glucocorticoid prodrugs.

Background: Glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely used in the treatment of inflammatory liver diseases and sepsis, but GC's various side effects on extrahepatic tissues limit their clinical benefits. Liver-targeting GC therapy may have multiple advantages over systemic GC therapy. The purpose of this study was to develop novel liver-targeting GC prodrugs as improved treatment for inflammatory liver diseases and sepsis.

Backcrossing Modulates the Metabolic Profiles of Anthocyanin-Pigmented 'Vitamaize' Lines Derived from Elite Maize Lines.

Vitamaize lines (VMLs) were created by backcrossing the pigmented aleurone trait into Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo (CIMMYT) maize lines (CMLs). This study evaluates metabolic differences between the VMLs and their original CMLs. Direct infusion mass spectrometry (DIMS) analyses, carotenoid profiling, total anthocyanins content (TAC) determination, and biochemical evaluation of the quality protein maize (QPM) endosperm trait allowed a comprehensive chemical characterization of the maize lines.

Texture Transfer in Dielectric Layers via Nanocrystalline Networks: Insights from in Situ 4D-STEM.

Transition metal oxide dielectric layers have emerged as promising candidates for various relevant applications, such as supercapacitors or memory applications. However, the performance and reliability of these devices can critically depend on their microstructure, which can be strongly influenced by thermal processing and substrate-induced strain. To gain a more in-depth understanding of the microstructural changes, we conducted in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies of amorphous HfO dielectric layers grown on highly textured (111) substrates.

Fractional Quantum Hall State at Filling Factor ν=1/4 in Ultra-High-Quality GaAs Two-Dimensional Hole Systems.

Single-component fractional quantum Hall states (FQHSs) at even-denominator filling factors may host non-Abelian quasiparticles that are considered to be building blocks of topological quantum computers. Such states, however, are rarely observed in the lowest-energy Landau level, namely at filling factors ν<1. Here, we report evidence for an even-denominator FQHS at ν=1/4 in ultra-high-quality two-dimensional hole systems confined to modulation-doped GaAs quantum wells.