Design and commissioning of the PRIOR-II "proton microscope for FAIR".

A new high energy proton radiography facility PRIOR-II (Proton Microscope for FAIR) has been designed, constructed, and successfully commissioned at the GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung (Darmstadt, Germany) pushing the technical boundaries of charged particle radiography with normal conducting magnets to the limits. The setup is foreseen to become a new and powerful user facility for carrying out fundamental science experiments in the fields of plasma and shock wave physics, material science, and medical physics. It will help address several unsolved scientific challenges, which require high-speed and precise non-invasive diagnostic methods capable of probing matter with up to 100 g/cm2 areal density.

Single crystal diffraction study of Ba[HCO][HCO][HCO][HCO], a hydrous mixed sp/sp-carbonate.

We have synthesized the first hydrous sp-carbonate by laser-heating Ba[CO], CO and HO in a diamond anvil cell at 40(3) GPa. The crystal structure of Ba[HCO][HCO][HCO][HCO] was determined by synchrotron single crystal X-ray diffraction. The experiments were complemented by DFT-based calculations.

High-Pressure Synthesis of an Iron Carbonate, Fe[CO].

We synthesized an iron carbonate, Fe[CO], by reacting FeO with CO at high temperatures and pressures of approximately 33(3) GPa. The structure was solved by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Full geometry optimizations based on density functional theory reproduced the crystal structure.

Ca[CO][CO] is a pyrocarbonate which can be formed at p, T-conditions prevalent in the Earth's transition zone.

Understanding the fate of subducted carbonates is a prerequisite for the elucidation of the Earth's deep carbon cycle. Here we show that the concomitant presence of Ca[CO] with CO in a subducting slab very likely results in the formation of an anhydrous mixed pyrocarbonate, , at moderate pressure ( ≈ 20 GPa) and temperature ( ≈ 1500 K) conditions. We show that at these conditions can be obtained by reacting Ca[CO] with CO in a laser-heated diamond anvil cell.

6-Fold-Coordinated Beryllium in Calcite-Type Be[CO].

The anhydrous beryllium carbonate Be[CO] with calcite-type crystal structure was obtained by a reaction of BeO with CO in a laser-heated diamond anvil cell at pressures between 30 GPa and 80 GPa and elevated temperatures. Its calcite-type crystal structure (3̅ with = 6) is characterized by 6-fold-coordinated beryllium atoms forming [BeO] octahedra and by trigonal-planar [CO] groups. The crystal structure was determined by synchrotron-based single-crystal X-ray diffraction and confirmed by density-functional-theory-based calculations in combination with experimental Raman spectroscopy.

Combining Radiomics and Autoencoders to Distinguish Benign and Malignant Breast Tumors on US Images.

Background US is clinically established for breast imaging, but its diagnostic performance depends on operator experience. Computer-assisted (real-time) image analysis may help in overcoming this limitation. Purpose To develop precise real-time-capable US-based breast tumor categorization by combining classic radiomics and autoencoder-based features from automatically localized lesions.

Synthesis and crystal structure of acentric anhydrous beryllium carbonate Be(CO).

The anhydrous alkaline earth metal carbonate Be(CO) was synthesized in a laser-heated diamond anvil cell at moderate pressures and temperatures (20(2) GPa and 1500(200) K) by a reaction of BeO with CO. It crystallizes in the acentric, trigonal space group 321 with = 3. The crystal structure was obtained from synchrotron single crystal X-ray diffraction data and confirmed by density functional theory-based calculations in combination with Raman spectroscopy.

Left Ventricular Reverse Remodeling after Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement for Aortic Regurgitation-An Explorative Study.

Background: The timing of treatment for chronic aortic valve regurgitation (AR), especially in asymptomatic patients, is gaining attention since less invasive strategies have become available. The aim of the present study was to evaluate left ventricular reverse remodeling after aortic valve replacement (AVR) for severe AR.

Methods: Patients (n = 25) who underwent surgical AVR for severe AR with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) less than 55% were included in this study.

Air monitoring by nanopore sequencing.

While the air microbiome and its diversity are essential for human health and ecosystem resilience, comprehensive air microbial diversity monitoring has remained rare, so that little is known about the air microbiome's composition, distribution, or functionality. Here we show that nanopore sequencing-based metagenomics can robustly assess the air microbiome in combination with active air sampling through liquid impingement and tailored computational analysis. We provide fast and portable laboratory and computational approaches for air microbiome profiling, which we leverage to robustly assess the taxonomic composition of the core air microbiome of a controlled greenhouse environment and of a natural outdoor environment.

Synthesis and Comprehensive Studies of Be-IV-N (IV=Si, Ge): Solving the Mystery of Wurtzite-Type Pmc2 Structures.

The research for wurtzite-type ternary nitride semiconductors containing earth abundant elements with a stoichiometry of 1 : 1 : 2 was focused on metals like Mg or Zn, so far. The vast majority of these Grimm-Sommerfeld analogue compounds crystallize in the β-NaFeO structure, although a second arrangement in space group Pmc2 is predicted to be a viable alternative. Despite extensive theoretical and experimental studies, this structure has so far remained undiscovered.

A synchronized, large-scale field experiment using Arabidopsis thaliana reveals the significance of the UV-B photoreceptor UVR8 under natural conditions.

This study determines the functional role of the plant ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B) photoreceptor, UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8) under natural conditions using a large-scale 'synchronized-genetic-perturbation-field-experiment'. Laboratory experiments have demonstrated a role for UVR8 in UV-B responses but do not reflect the complexity of outdoor conditions where 'genotype × environment' interactions can mask laboratory-observed responses. Arabidopsis thaliana knockout mutant, uvr8-7, and the corresponding Wassilewskija wild type, were sown outdoors on the same date at 21 locations across Europe, ranging from 39°N to 67°N latitude.

Trigonal Planar [PN] Anion in the Nitridophosphate Oxide Ba[PN]O.

Nitridophosphates, with their primary structural motif of isolated or condensed PN tetrahedra, meet many requirements for high performance materials. Their properties are associated with their structural diversity, which is mainly limited by this specific building block. Herein, we present the alkaline earth metal nitridophosphate oxide Ba[PN]O featuring a trigonal planar [PN] anion.

Reliability of continuous vital sign monitoring in post-operative patients employing consumer-grade fitness trackers: A randomised pilot trial.

Introduction: Fitness trackers can provide continuous monitoring of vital signs and thus have the potential to become a complementary, mobile and effective tool for early detection of patient deterioration and post-operative complications.

Methods: To evaluate potential implementations in acute care setting, we included 36 patients after moderate to major surgery in a recent randomised pilot trial to compare the performance of vital sign monitoring by three different fitness trackers (Apple Watch 7, Garmin Fenix 6pro and Withings ScanWatch) with established standard clinical monitors in post-anaesthesia care units and monitoring wards.

Results: During a cumulative period of 56 days, a total of 53,197 heart rate (HR) measurements, as well as 12,219 measurements of the peripheral blood oxygen saturation (SpO) and 28,954 respiratory rate (RR) measurements were collected by fitness trackers.

Extending carbon chemistry at high-pressure by synthesis of CaC and CaC with deprotonated polyacene- and para-poly(indenoindene)-like nanoribbons.

Metal carbides are known to contain small carbon units similar to those found in the molecules of methane, acetylene, and allene. However, for numerous binary systems ab initio calculations predict the formation of unusual metal carbides with exotic polycarbon units, [C] rings, and graphitic carbon sheets at high pressure (HP). Here we report the synthesis and structural characterization of a HP-CaC polymorph and a CaC compound featuring deprotonated polyacene-like and para-poly(indenoindene)-like nanoribbons, respectively.

Japanese quails () show keel bone damage during the laying period-a radiography study.

Keel bone damage is an important welfare issue in laying hens and can occur with a high prevalence of up to 100% of hens within one flock. Affected hens suffer from pain. Although multiple factors contribute to the prevalence and severity of keel bone damage, selection for high laying performance appears to play a key role.

Correction: (TeCl)(TiCl) with isolated TeCl and TiCl molecules and second-harmonic-generation.

Correction for '(TeCl)(TiCl) with isolated TeCl and TiCl molecules and second-harmonic-generation' by Maxime A. Bonnin , , 2024, , 4962-4967, https://doi.org/10.

Consensus statement-graft treatment in cardiovascular bypass graft surgery.

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is and continues to be the preferred revascularization strategy in patients with multivessel disease. Graft selection has been shown to influence the outcomes following CABG. During the last almost 60 years saphenous vein grafts (SVG) together with the internal mammary artery have become the standard of care for patients undergoing CABG surgery.

Reduction of Germanium Oxides-The Mixed-Valence Germanates GeO ( = Na, K).

We report on the synthesis of two-layered alkali germanates, NaGeO and KGeO. Both compounds were synthesized by using the ammonothermal method at 823 K and 100 MPa. Under these conditions, germanium is partially reduced from the +IV state to +II, forming mixed-valence compounds with the rarely observed [GeO] unit.

(TeCl)(TiCl) with isolated TeCl and TiCl molecules and second-harmonic-generation.

(TeCl)(TiCl) is obtained by reaction of TeCl and TiCl at 50 °C with quantitative yield. The compound is composed of isolated, molecular (TeCl) heterocubane-type units as well as isolated, molecular TiCl tetrahedra. The (TeCl) heterocubane is arranged like a body-centred cubic cell with TiCl tetrahedra occupying 4 of 6 octahedral sites.

Pathway for a martensitic quartz-coesite transition.

An atomistic pathway for a strain-induced subsolidus martensitic transition between quartz and coesite was found by computing the set of the smallest atomic displacements required to transform a quartz structure into a coesite structure. A minimal transformation cell with 24 [Formula: see text] formula units is sufficient to describe the diffusionless martensitic transition from quartz to coesite. We identified two families of invariant shear planes during the martensitic transition, near the {10[Formula: see text]1} and {12[Formula: see text]2} set of planes, in agreement with the orientation of planar defect structures observed in quartz samples which experienced hypervelocity impacts.