Considerations and expectations for the administration of dispersible arpraziquantel to young children: a landscape analysis.

Schistosomiasis is a serious public health problem in many African countries and beyond. Preventive chemotherapy with praziquantel is a successful public health intervention that is recommended for all communities at risk, commonly reached through large-scale mass drug administration campaigns. However, preschool-age children are currently not routinely targeted for treatment due to operational challenges related to dosing and administration with the standard drug formulation.

Extensive Inactive Neurocysticercosis: A Case Report in Mbeya, Southern Highlands of Tanzania.

Background: Neurocysticercosis (NCC) and Acquired Human Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) are both highly prevalent in Africa. Clinical presentation of NCC ranges from asymptomatic to manifestations, including epileptic seizures, severe progressive headache, and focal neurological deficits. It is influenced by the number, size, location, and stage of the cysts, as well as the parasite's potential to cause inflammation and the immunological response of the host.

Prevalence of epilepsy across 25 sub-counties in three districts of northern Uganda.

Introduction: Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological conditions worldwide, with large variation in prevalence across Sub-Saharan Africa countries. Northern Uganda is one of the poorest areas of the country and has seen high density of pigs and prevalence of Taenia solium, a zoonotic tapeworm transmitted which cause neurocysticercosis in humans. The objective of this study was to estimate the population-level prevalence of active epilepsy in 25 sub-counties of northern Uganda.

Infants' resting-state functional connectivity and event-related potentials: A multimodal approach to investigating the neural basis of infant novelty detection.

Individual differences in how the brain responds to novelty are present from infancy. A common method of studying novelty processing is through event-related potentials (ERPs). While ERPs possess millisecond precision, spatial resolution remains poor, especially in infancy.

Functional and Cosmetic Considerations in Saddle Nose Deformity Repair.

The saddle nose deformity is associated with dorsal collapse and can have both function and cosmetic problems. The saddle nose can cause nasal obstruction by narrowing the nasal cavities, eliciting dynamic internal and external nasal valve narrowing, and abnormally widening the internal and external nasal valves altering airflow dynamics, sinonasal passageways, and olfaction. The saddle nose is challenging to treat due to skin contracture, lack of donor tissue, and difficulties in esthetic integration.

Development of PRC1 Inhibitors Employing Fragment-Based Approach and NMR-Guided Optimization.

Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1) is associated with transcriptional silencing, and its dysregulation plays an important role in various cancers. Well-characterized PRC1 inhibitors can facilitate the exploration of PRC1 inhibition as therapeutic agents. By employing an NMR-based fragment screening approach, we have previously identified a very weak millimolar ligand , which directly binds to RING1B-BMI1.

Tracing active members in microbial communities by BONCAT and click chemistry-based enrichment of newly synthesized proteins.

A comprehensive understanding of microbial community dynamics is fundamental to the advancement of environmental microbiology, human health, and biotechnology. Metaproteomics, defined as the analysis of all proteins present within a microbial community, provides insights into these complex systems. Microbial adaptation and activity depend to an important extent on newly synthesized proteins (nP), however, the distinction between nP and bulk proteins is challenging.

Impact of COVID-19 on functional, cognitive, neuropsychiatric, and health-related outcomes in patients with dementia: A systematic review.

Background: This systematic review analyzes the impact of COVID-19 on dementia patients' functional, cognitive, neuropsychiatric, and health related outcomes. It hypothesizes that dementia patients infected with SARS-CoV-2experience more pronounced deterioration compared to those who are uninfected.

Methods: Research from 01/03/2020 to 07/10/2023 was conducted using Medline, Web of Science, and Embase databases, and adhering to PRISMA guidelines and the PICO framework.

The role of artificial intelligence in standardizing global longitudinal strain measurements in echocardiography.

Aims: To evaluate the accuracy and feasibility of artificial intelligence (AI) in left ventricular global longitudinal strain (GLS) analysis as compared to conventional (Manual) and semi-automated (SemiAuto) method in echocardiography (Echo).

Methods And Results: GLS validation was performed on 550 standard Echo exams by expert cardiologists. The performance of a beginner cardiologist without experience of GLS analysis was assessed on a subset of 90 exams.

Biomonitoring of atmospheric deposition of potentially toxic elements at rural sites in Tuscany (Central Italy).

This study investigated the accumulation (deposition) of 13 potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in moss tissue (dominated by Hypnum cupressiforme at 64% and Pseudoscleropodium purum at 13.4%) collected from 33 rural sites of Tuscany (Central Italy). In addition, the magnetic susceptibility of moss was measured to provide insight into the accumulation of anthropogenic particles.

Sufficiency health-wise: sustainable paths towards planetary and public health.

Planet Earth is threatened by the human population. Energy and resource use are far beyond the planet's carrying capacity. Planetary Health suggests an alternative idea of prosperity as the best possible human health for all within planetary boundaries.

Three Cluster O mycobacteriophages isolated in Philadelphia, PA.

We report here the discovery and characterization of three novel bacteriophages infecting . These siphoviruses were isolated from soil collected in urban areas around Saint Joseph's University in Philadelphia. Mycobacteriphages Idergollasper, FoulBall, and Schuy are assigned to actinobacteriophage cluster O based on gene content similarity, and have prolate capsids typical for this cluster.

ESM-scan-A tool to guide amino acid substitutions.

Protein structure prediction and (re)design have gone through a revolution in the last 3 years. The tremendous progress in these fields has been almost exclusively driven by readily available machine learning algorithms applied to protein folding and sequence design problems. Despite these advancements, predicting site-specific mutational effects on protein stability and function remains an unsolved problem.

The performance of a point-of-care test for the diagnosis of Neurocysticercosis in a resource-poor community setting in Zambia - a diagnostic accuracy study.

Background: Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is the main cause of epilepsy in endemic rural communities. NCC diagnosis is difficult due to unavailability and unaffordability of serologic assays and neuroimaging. This study aimed to assess the performance of a cheap, novel lateral-flow point-of-care (TS POC) test for the diagnosis of NCC in a community setting.

Comparing stem cell mobilization with chemotherapy and cytokine (G-CSF) versus cytokine alone in myeloma patients (MOCCCA): a randomized phase II, open-label, non-inferiority trial.

In fit patients with newly diagnosed myeloma, high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is considered standard of care. For mobilization of CD34+ cells for ASCT, combined cytotoxic chemotherapy and G-CSF is commonly used. However, the importance of cytostatic chemotherapy for reliable mobilization remains unclear.

Reference Speech-recognition curves for a German monosyllabic test in noise: effects of loudspeaker configuration and room acoustics.

Objective: Measurement of reference speech-recognition curves for a specific speech test in typical clinical testing environments and for different loudspeaker configurations.

Design: Speech-recognition scores were measured at four signal-to-noise ratios for five loudspeaker configurations in two anechoic rooms, and in four audiometric test rooms with low reverberation times.

Study Sample: 240 young participants (aged 18-25 years) without hearing impairment participated in the measurements.

Topological cluster statistic (TCS): Toward structural connectivity-guided fMRI cluster enhancement.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies most commonly use cluster-based inference to detect local changes in brain activity. Insufficient statistical power and disproportionate false-positive rates reportedly hinder optimal inference. We propose a structural connectivity-guided clustering framework, called topological cluster statistic (TCS), that enhances sensitivity by leveraging white matter anatomical connectivity information.

Enhanced global carbon cycle sensitivity to tropical temperature linked to internal climate variability.

The sensitivity of atmospheric CO growth rate to tropical temperature (γ) has almost doubled between 1959 and 2011, a trend that has been linked to increasing drought in the tropics. However, γ has declined since then. Understanding whether these variations in γ reflect forced changes or internal climate variability in the carbon cycle is crucial for future climate projections.

BCAS1-positive oligodendrocytes enable efficient cortical remyelination in multiple sclerosis.

Remyelination is a crucial regenerative process in demyelinating diseases, limiting persisting damage to the central nervous system (CNS). It restores saltatory nerve conduction and ensures trophic support of axons. In multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, remyelination has been observed in both white and grey matter and found to be more efficient in the cortex.

Neurocysticercosis and cognitive impairment among people with epilepsy in Taenia solium endemic regions of rural southern Tanzania: A hospital-based cross-sectional study in mental health clinics of selected sites in Tanzania.

Background: Epilepsy poses a significant public health problem in many parts of the world. The majority of people with epilepsy (PWE) are from low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Taenia solium neurocysticercosis (NCC) is estimated to cause 30% of preventable epilepsy in PWE in areas of T.

Prevention of NICU Admission Hypothermia in Moderate- and Late-Preterm Infants.

Background: Neonatal hypothermia is a common and preventable cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Although hypothermia prevention has been extensively studied in infants <32 weeks' gestation, the authors of few studies have targeted moderate- and late-preterm infants (MLPIs) in the delivery room.

Methods: This quality improvement initiative was conducted from June 2019 to June 2023 at the Massachusetts General Hospital NICU and Labor and Delivery Unit.

A deep learning approach to identify the fetal head position using transperineal ultrasound during labor.

Objectives: To develop a deep learning (DL)-model using convolutional neural networks (CNN) to automatically identify the fetal head position at transperineal ultrasound in the second stage of labor.

Material And Methods: Prospective, multicenter study including singleton, term, cephalic pregnancies in the second stage of labor. We assessed the fetal head position using transabdominal ultrasound and subsequently, obtained an image of the fetal head on the axial plane using transperineal ultrasound and labeled it according to the transabdominal ultrasound findings.