Dual-rail encoding with superconducting cavities.

The design of quantum hardware that reduces and mitigates errors is essential for practical quantum error correction (QEC) and useful quantum computation. To this end, we introduce the circuit-Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) dual-rail qubit in which our physical qubit is encoded in the single-photon subspace, [Formula: see text], of two superconducting microwave cavities. The dominant photon loss errors can be detected and converted into erasure errors, which are in general much easier to correct.

Granular aluminium nanojunction fluxonium qubit.

Mesoscopic Josephson junctions, consisting of overlapping superconducting electrodes separated by a nanometre-thin oxide layer, provide a precious source of nonlinearity for superconducting quantum circuits. Here we show that in a fluxonium qubit, the role of the Josephson junction can also be played by a lithographically defined, self-structured granular aluminium nanojunction: a superconductor-insulator-superconductor Josephson junction obtained in a single-layer, zero-angle evaporation. The measured spectrum of the resulting qubit, which we nickname gralmonium, is indistinguishable from that of a standard fluxonium.

Negative Magnetic Sorting Preserves the Functionality of Ex Vivo Cultivated Non-Adherent Human Monocytes.

Background: Monocyte-derived macrophages or dendritic cells are of increasing interest for cellular therapeutic products to treat inflammation-related diseases and cancer. However, the isolation method and the culture conditions applied influence the functionality of cells. For some approaches, the adhesion-induced differentiation into macrophages must be prevented to maintain functions attributed to circulating monocytes.

Patients and physician satisfaction of Degarelix in androgen deprivation therapy for advanced hormone-dependent prostate cancer in the Netherlands.

Background: To explore the effectiveness and safety of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist, Degarelix, for the treatment of advanced hormone-dependent prostate cancer (PCa) in a real-world setting.

Methods: In this noninterventional study, patients with advanced hormone-dependent PCa were included. Primary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) failure defined as either prostate-specific antigen failure, additional therapy related to PCa, or death.

A screening method to spot biomarkers that may warn of serious events in a chronic disease - illustrated by cardiological CLARICOR trial data.

Objectives: To develop a crude screening method for detecting biomarkers which frequently exhibit a rise (or fall) in level prior to a serious event (e.g. a stroke) in patients with a chronic disease, signalling that the biomarker may have an alarm-raising or prognostic potential.

Prognostic value of 12 novel cardiological biomarkers in stable coronary artery disease. A 10-year follow-up of the placebo group of the Copenhagen CLARICOR trial.

Objective: To assess if 12 novel circulating biomarkers, when added to 'standard predictors' available in general practice, could improve the 10-year prediction of cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with stable coronary heart disease.

Design: The patients participated as placebo receiving patients in the randomised clarithromycin for patients with stable coronary artery disease (CLARICOR) trial at a random time in their disease trajectory.

Setting: Five Copenhagen University cardiology departments and a coordinating centre.

Internet-based therapy with FearFighter for anxiety disorders: a randomised clinical trial.

Internet-based cognitive behavioural self-help psychotherapy (ICBT) can be an important alternative or supplement to ordinary face-to-face therapy. To assess effectiveness of ICBT for adults with an anxiety disorder. Sixty-four participants were randomised to 9 weeks with the FearFighter ICBT program ( = 32) or no intervention ( = 32).

Serum osteoprotegerin as a long-term predictor for patients with stable coronary artery disease and its association with diabetes and statin treatment: A CLARICOR trial 10-year follow-up substudy.

Background And Aims: Elevated circulating levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG) are known to add to the prediction of cardiovascular mortality. Our objective was to clarify the long-term risk associated with serum OPG and the possible influence of diabetes and statins on OPG levels in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD).

Methods: We assessed the placebo-treated group (n = 1998) from the CLARICOR trial (NCT00121550), a cohort with stable CAD.

Author Correction: Influence of pure fluorides and stannous ions on the initial bacterial colonization in situ.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Prognosis and Reclassification by YKL-40 in Stable Coronary Artery Disease.

Background The inflammatory biomarker YKL-40 has previously been studied as a potential risk marker in cardiovascular disease. We aimed to assess the prognostic reclassification potential of serum YKL-40 in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Methods and Results The main study population was the placebo group of the CLARICOR (Effect of Clarithromycin on Mortality and Morbidity in Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease) trial.

Assessment of assumptions of statistical analysis methods in randomised clinical trials: the what and how.

When analysing and presenting results of randomised clinical trials, trialists rarely report if or how underlying statistical assumptions were validated. To avoid data-driven biased trial results, it should be common practice to prospectively describe the assessments of underlying assumptions. In existing literature, there is no consensus on how trialists should assess and report underlying assumptions for the analyses of randomised clinical trials.

Therapeutic hypothermia for acute ischaemic stroke. Results of a European multicentre, randomised, phase III clinical trial.

Introduction: We assessed whether modest systemic cooling started within 6 hours of symptom onset improves functional outcome at three months in awake patients with acute ischaemic stroke.

Patients And Methods: In this European randomised open-label clinical trial with blinded outcome assessment, adult patients with acute ischaemic stroke were randomised to cooling to a target body temperature of 34.0-35.

Pregnancy Associated Plasma Protein-A as a Cardiovascular Risk Marker in Patients with Stable Coronary Heart Disease During 10 Years Follow-Up-A CLARICOR Trial Sub-Study.

Elevated pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) is associated with mortality in acute coronary syndromes. Few studies have assessed PAPP-A in stable coronary artery disease (CAD) and results are conflicting. We assessed the 10-year prognostic relevance of PAPP-A levels in stable CAD.

Influence of pure fluorides and stannous ions on the initial bacterial colonization in situ.

The present clinical-experimental study aims to examine the effect of pure experimental fluoride solutions and stannous chloride on the initial oral bioadhesion under in situ conditions. After 1 min of pellicle formation on bovine enamel slabs, 12 subjects rinsed with 8 ml of the fluoride test solutions (NaF, NaPOF, AmF, SnF,) with 500 ppm fluoride concentration each for 1 min. Additionally, rinsing without a solution (control) and rinsing with 1563 ppm SnCl solution took place for 1 min.

Storage time of red blood cells among ICU patients with septic shock.

Background: We aimed to describe the exposure to blood transfusions and mortality among patients with septic shock.

Methods: We did a retrospective cohort study of two cohorts-patients with septic shock registered in a Danish ICU database (2008-2010) and patients from the Transfusion Requirements in Septic Shock (TRISS) trial (2011-2013). We extracted information on blood transfusions issued to all patients.

Power estimations for non-primary outcomes in randomised clinical trials.

Objective And Methods: It is rare that trialists report power estimations of non-primary outcomes. In the present article, we will describe how to define a valid hierarchy of outcomes in a randomised clinical trial, to limit problems with Type I and Type II errors, using considerations on the clinical relevance of the outcomes and power estimations.

Conclusion: Power estimations of non-primary outcomes may guide trialists in classifying non-primary outcomes as secondary or exploratory.

Granular aluminium as a superconducting material for high-impedance quantum circuits.

Superconducting quantum information processing machines are predominantly based on microwave circuits with relatively low characteristic impedance, about 100 Ω, and small anharmonicity, which can limit their coherence and logic gate fidelity. A promising alternative is circuits based on so-called superinductors, with characteristic impedances exceeding the resistance quantum R = 6.4 kΩ.

Circulating endostatin as a risk factor for cardiovascular events in patients with stable coronary heart disease: A CLARICOR trial sub-study.

Background And Aims: Raised levels of serum endostatin, a biologically active fragment of collagen XVIII, have been observed in patients with ischemic heart disease but association with incident cardiovascular events in patients with stable coronary heart disease is uncertain.

Methods: The CLARICOR-trial is a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of stable coronary heart disease patients evaluating 14-day treatment with clarithromycin. The primary outcome was a composite of acute myocardial infarction, unstable angina pectoris, cerebrovascular disease or all-cause mortality.

Assessing assumptions for statistical analyses in randomised clinical trials.

In order to ensure the validity of results of randomised clinical trials and under some circumstances to optimise statistical power, most statistical methods require validation of underlying statistical assumptions. The present paper describes how trialists in major medical journals report tests of underlying statistical assumptions when analysing results of randomised clinical trials. We also consider possible solutions how to improve current practice by adequate reporting of tests of underlying statistical assumptions.

Low vs high hemoglobin trigger for transfusion in vascular surgery: a randomized clinical feasibility trial.

Current guidelines advocate to limit red blood cell (RBC) transfusion during surgery, but the feasibility and safety of such a strategy remain unclear, as the majority of evidence is based on postoperatively stable patients. We assessed the effects of a protocol aiming to restrict RBC transfusion throughout hospitalization for vascular surgery. Fifty-eight patients scheduled for lower limb bypass or open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair were randomly assigned, on hemoglobin drop below 9.

Early physical and psycho-educational rehabilitation in patients with coronary artery bypass grafting: A randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: Rehabilitation of patients following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has been widely studied; however, research into early rehabilitation after CABG is sparse. The aim of this trial was to assess the impact of early rehabilitation, compared with usual care in patients following CABG.

Design: Randomized controlled trial.

Sexual rehabilitation for cardiac patients with erectile dysfunction: a randomised clinical trial.

Background: Sexual dysfunction is common in patients with either ischaemic heart disease (IHD) or implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) and has a negative impact on quality of life. Non-pharmacological treatment options are lacking. The purpose of this trial was to assess the effect of sexual rehabilitation versus usual care for males with erectile dysfunction and either IHD and/or ICD.

Cathepsin B and S as markers for cardiovascular risk and all-cause mortality in patients with stable coronary heart disease during 10 years: a CLARICOR trial sub-study.

Background And Aims: The lysosomal cysteine proteases cathepsin B and S have been implicated in the atherosclerotic process. The present paper investigates the association between serum levels of cathepsin B and S and cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with stable coronary heart disease.

Methods: The CLARICOR trial is a randomised, placebo-controlled trial investigating the effect of clarithromycin versus placebo in patients with stable coronary heart disease.

Circuit quantum electrodynamics of granular aluminum resonators.

Granular aluminum (grAl) is a promising high kinetic inductance material for detectors, amplifiers, and qubits. Here we model the grAl structure, consisting of pure aluminum grains separated by thin aluminum oxide barriers, as a network of Josephson junctions, and we calculate the dispersion relation and nonlinearity (self-Kerr and cross-Kerr coefficients). To experimentally study the electrodynamics of grAl thin films, we measure microwave resonators with open-boundary conditions and test the theoretical predictions in two limits.