Costs for global guideline-based diagnosis of mucormycosis in patients with neutropenia, hematopoietic stem cell or solid organ transplantation - a perspective of the German healthcare system.

Introduction: Mucormycosis is a rare invasive fungal infection (IFI) which is characterized by prolonged antifungal therapy, high morbidity and mortality rates, as well as increased treatment costs.

Areas Covered: Appropriate diagnosis of mucormycosis is a fundamental component of successful treatment, however, evidence about health economic expenses does not exist. Based on an international guideline approach for diagnosis of mucormycosis, we calculated costs for imaging-based and laboratory procedures and susceptibility testing from the German statutory health insurance perspective.

Real-world experience with letermovir for cytomegalovirus-prophylaxis after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation: A multi-centre observational study.

Objectives: Efficacy and safety of letermovir as prophylaxis for clinically significant cytomegalovirus infections (csCVMi) was evaluated in randomised controlled trials while most of the real-world studies are single-centre experiences.

Methods: We performed a retrospective, multi-centre case-control study at six German university hospitals to evaluate clinical experiences in patients receiving CMV prophylaxis with letermovir (n = 200) compared to controls without CMV prophylaxis (n = 200) during a 48-week follow-up period after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (aHCT).

Results: The incidence of csCMVi after aHCT was significantly reduced in the letermovir (34%, n = 68) compared to the control group (56%, n = 112; p < 0.

Costs and resource utilization patterns in surgical site infections: a pre-COVID-19 perspective from France, Germany, Spain, and the UK.

Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs), mainly caused by Staphylococcus aureus, pose a significant economic burden in Europe, leading to increased hospitalization duration, mortality, and treatment costs, particularly with drug-resistant strains such as meticillin-resistant S. aureus.

Aim: To conduct a case-control study on the economic impact of S.

Staphylococcus aureus surgical site infection rates in 5 European countries.

Objective: To determine the overall and procedure-specific incidence of surgical site infections (SSI) caused by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) as well as risk factors for such across all surgical disciplines in Europe.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort of patients with surgical procedures performed at 14 European centres in 2016, with a nested case-control analysis.

Outpatient care concept and potential inpatient cost savings associated with the administration of dalbavancin - A real-world data and retrospective cost analysis.

Background: The treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSI) usually involves intravenous (i.v.) antibiotics requiring hospitalisation and increasing hospital costs.

Impact of testing on Clostridioides difficile infection in hospitals across Europe: a mathematical model.

Objectives: The prevalence of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) has been shown to vary markedly between European countries, both in hospitals and in the community. Determining the true prevalence has proven challenging. Without systematic testing in hospitals, the unchecked transmission of CDI can lead to large outbreaks in more susceptible cohorts.

Health economic analysis of patients treated with isavuconazole in a German comprehensive cancer centre.

Background: Invasive fungal diseases (IFD) are life-threatening and demand timely and appropriate treatment. Research showed that isavuconazole treatment positively affects clinical outcome and length of hospital stay (LOS).

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the hospital costs of patients diagnosed with IFD and treated with isavuconazole using real-world data from a German cancer centre.

Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI): A pan-European multi-center cost and resource utilization study, results from the Combatting Bacterial Resistance in Europe CDI (COMBACTE-CDI).

Objectives: Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is one of the leading nosocomial infections worldwide, resulting in a significantly increasing burden on the healthcare systems. However, Pan-European data about cost and resource utilization of CDI treatment do not exist.

Methods: A retrospective analysis within the Combatting Bacterial Resistance in Europe CDI project was conducted based on resource costs for inpatient treatment and productivity costs.

Last Resort Antibiotics Costs and Reimbursement Analysis of Real-Life ICU Patients with Pneumonia Caused by Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria in Germany.

Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (MDR-GNB) cause serious infections and aggravate disease progression. Last resort antibiotics are effective against MDR-GNB and are reimbursed by flat rates based on German diagnosis-related groups (G-DRG). From a hospital management perspective, this analysis compared hospital reimbursement for last resort antibiotics with their acquisition costs to outline potential funding gaps.

Alzheimer's Disease Plasma Biomarkers Distinguish Clinical Diagnostic Groups in Memory Clinic Patients.

Introduction: Several recent research studies show high performance of blood biomarkers to identify Alzheimer's disease also in the pre-dementia mild cognitive impairment (MCI) stage, but data from the routine clinical care memory clinic setting are needed.

Methods: We examined plasma samples of 144 memory clinic patients, including dementia of Alzheimer type (DAT, n = 54), MCI (n = 57), and subjective cognitive decline (SCD, n = 33), who either presented as self-referrals or were referred by general practitioners or neurologists or psychiatrists. The plasma biomarkers, amyloid-beta42 (Aß42), amyloid-beta40 (Aß40), phospho-Tau181 (pTau181), total-tau (tTau), and neurofilament light (NFL), as well as different ratios, were measured using the ultrasensitive single molecule array (Simoa) immunoassay technology.

Facilitators and barriers for the implementation of resuscitation training programmes for schoolchildren: A systematic review.

Background: Training schoolchildren in resuscitation seems to improve rates of resuscitation by bystanders. Leading medical societies recommend comprehensive resuscitation education in schools. To date, no widespread implementation within the European Union has happened.

Reimbursement of innovative pharmaceuticals in English and Spanish hospitals-The example of isavuconazole.

Background: Kron et al (Mycoses, 64, 2021, 86) found cost savings for the use of the innovative pharmaceutical isavuconazole in the inpatient setting in Germany (Bismarck-based healthcare system). Little is known about the reimbursement of innovative pharmaceuticals in the inpatient setting of Beveridge-based healthcare systems.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the market access process and reimbursement of isavuconazole, exemplary for innovative pharmaceuticals, in England and Spain.

Clinical and pharmacoeconomic evaluation of antifungal prophylaxis with continuous micafungin in patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation: A six-year cohort analysis.

Background: Patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation (aSCT) are at high risk to develop an invasive fungal disease (IFD). Optimisation of antifungal prophylaxis strategies may improve patient outcomes and reduce treatment costs.

Objectives: To analyse the clinical and economical impact of using continuous micafungin as antifungal prophylaxis.

Principal-agent theory-based cost and reimbursement structures of isavuconazole treatment in German hospitals.

Background: Isavuconazole (ISA) is a frequently used antifungal agent for the treatment of invasive fungal diseases (IFDs). However, hospital reimbursement data for ISA is limited.

Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to analyse the different perspectives of relevant stakeholders and the (dis)incentives for the administration of ISA in Germany.

Attributable mortality of candidemia after introduction of echinocandins.

Objectives: Candidemia is among the most frequent nosocomial bloodstream infections. Landmark case-control studies on amphotericin B and fluconazole estimated attributable mortality rates of 38% and 49%, respectively. After introduction of echinocandins, these may have decreased.

The economic burden of infection in patients with hematological malignancies in the United States: A case-control study.

Objective: The primary study aim was to describe all direct healthcare costs associated with Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), both in and out of the hospital, in patients with hematologic malignancies in the United States.

Design: A retrospective analysis was conducted utilizing data from US databases of Truven Health Analytics.

Patients: We analyzed health insurance claims between January 2014 and December 2017 of patients diagnosed with hematological cancer: acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Hodgkin's lymphoma, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL).

Excess burden associated with Clostridioides difficile infection in haematological patients occurring during hospitalization with induction chemotherapy in the USA.

Background: Patients with haematological diseases are at high risk of developing Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI).

Aim: The study aim was to describe excess length of stay and costs associated with CDI during the hospital stay for induction chemotherapy in the United States (USA).

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted utilizing data from US databases of Truven Health Analytics®.