Vitamin D status and intermediate vascular and bone outcomes in chronic kidney disease: a secondary post hoc analysis of IMPROVE-CKD.

Background And Aims: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and has been associated with abnormalities of mineral metabolism and vascular calcification. Vitamin D influences parathyroid hormone values and calcium and phosphate metabolism, and may play a role in vascular function and bone health. We aimed to test our hypothesis that vitamin D deficiency is associated with arterial stiffness, aortic calcification and lower bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with CKD.

Vitamin D therapy in chronic kidney disease: a critical appraisal of clinical trial evidence.

In people with chronic kidney disease (CKD), the physiology of vitamin D is altered and leads to abnormalities in bone and mineral metabolism which contribute to CKD mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD). Observational studies show an association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk of mortality, cardiovascular disease and fracture in CKD. Although vitamin D therapy is widely prescribed in people with CKD, clinical trials to date have failed to demonstrate a clear benefit of either nutritional vitamin D supplementation or active vitamin D therapy in improving clinical outcomes in CKD.

Vitamin D Therapy in Adults With CKD: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Rationale & Objective: Vitamin D is widely used to manage chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD). We evaluated the effects of vitamin D therapy on mortality, cardiovascular, bone, and kidney outcomes in adults with CKD.

Study Design: Systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCT) with highly sensitive searching of MEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL, through February 25, 2023.

Children with islet autoimmunity and enterovirus infection demonstrate a distinct cytokine profile.

Cytokines are upregulated in prediabetes, but their relationship with Enterovirus (EV) infection and development of islet autoimmunity is unknown. Cytokines (n = 65) were measured using Luminex xMAP technology in a nested case-control study of 67 children with a first-degree relative with type 1 diabetes: 27 with islet autoantibodies (Ab(+)) and 40 age-matched persistently autoantibody negative (Ab(-)) control subjects. Of 74 samples, 37 (50%) were EV-PCR(+) in plasma and/or stool (EV(+)) and the remainder were negative for EV and other viruses (EV(-)).

Enterovirus infection and type 1 diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational molecular studies.

Objective: To review the association between current enterovirus infection diagnosed with molecular testing and development of autoimmunity or type 1 diabetes.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies, analysed with random effects models.

Data Sources: PubMed (until May 2010) and Embase (until May 2010), no language restrictions, studies in humans only; reference lists of identified articles; and contact with authors.