Histogram analysis based on diffusion kurtosis imaging: Differentiating glioblastoma multiforme from single brain metastasis and comparing the diagnostic performance of two region of interest placements.

Purpose: To assess the value of histogram analysis, using diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI), in differentiating glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) from single brain metastasis (SBM) and to compare the diagnostic efficiency of different region of interest (ROI) placements.

Method: Sixty-seven patients with histologically confirmed GBM (n = 35) and SBM (n = 32) were recruited. Two ROIs-the contrast-enhanced area and whole-tumor area-were delineated across all slices.

Brain Volumetric Alterations in Preclinical HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder Using Automatic Brain Quantification and Segmentation Tool.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine if people living with HIV (PLWH) in preclinical human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND), with no clinical symptoms and without decreased daily functioning, suffer from brain volumetric alterations and its patterns.

Method: Fifty-nine male PLWH at the HAND preclinical stage were evaluated, including 19 subjects with asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment (ANI), 17 subjects with cognitive abnormality that does not reach ANI (Not reach ANI), and 23 subjects with cognitive integrity. Moreover, 23 healthy volunteers were set as the seronegative normal controls (NCs).