The effect of wheat bran on the absorption and accumulation of cadmium in rats.

1. The major purpose of the present study was to determine whether the addition of wheat bran to endosperm crisp bread in a composite diet given to rats for 6 weeks causes an increase in the accumulation of cadmium in the rats due to the Cd content in the bran, or whether binding factors in the bran, such as dietary fibre and phytic acid, reduce or prevent the accumulation of this Cd. A second purpose was to determine whether the accumulation of Cd can be estimated by measuring the absorption of 109Cd given in a single meal of the diet.

The importance of the body's need for zinc in determining Zn availability in food: a principle demonstrated in the rat.

1. The hypothesis that the availability of zinc in a food is limited by factors in the food was tested against the hypothesis that Zn absorption is homeostatically regulated by the body according to its need for Zn. 2.

Development of gingivitis around different types of composite resin.

Earlier studies have demonstrated signs of gingivitis around conventional composite resin restorations. Newly developed resin types differ considerably in composition and surface characteristics. The purpose of this study was to compare the initiation of gingival inflammation around aged restorations of 3 types of composite resins and around enamel, during a 7-day period of experimental gingivitis.

The effect of different types of composite resin fillings on marginal gingiva.

Earlier studies of plaque accumulation on and gingival response around conventional composite resin fillings have produced conflicting results. No studies have been found in which the gingival reaction around newer types of resin fillings had been recorded. The aim of this study was to measure plaque retention and gingival conditions around in vivo, aged, subgingivally located, composite fillings of conventional, hybrid and microfiller types.

The emerging relevance of antitrust laws to the delivery of health care.

Until relatively recently, antitrust enforcement in the delivery of health care was virtually non-existent. Not even 15 years ago, many legal observers might have concluded that the professional services of medical care providers were exempted from the federal antitrust laws altogether; or that many providers were engaged in local activities beyond the reach of federal interstate commerce jurisdiction. Even 10 years ago, many providers were arguing that collective agreements among potential competitors were not only sound public policy, but also that such concerted activities were actively encouraged by various federal laws.

Profenofos insecticide bioactivation in relation to antidote action and the stereospecificity of acetylcholinesterase inhibition, reactivation, and aging.

Poisoning signs in chicks administered the organophosphorus insecticide profenofos correlated with in vivo inhibition of brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Mixtures of atropine with eserine, pyridinium oximes, or the bispyridinium compound SAD-128 increased the LD50 of coadministered profenofos by up to sevenfold in chicks and fourfold in mice. Atropine and the oximes were less effective as profenofos antidotes, indicating that profenofos-inhibited AChE may undergo rapid aging.

65Zn turnover in short-term alloxan diabetic rats.

65Zn was injected subcutaneously in eleven rats with alloxan diabetes of five days duration and in nine control rats. Fifty hours after the injection of 65Zn the animals were killed with an overdose of ether. In the alloxan diabetic rats signs of an altered zinc metabolism were found with an increased excretion of zinc in urine and possibly also faeces and an elevated zinc concentration in the liver compared to controls.

Oxidative bioactivation of S-alkyl phosphorothiolate pesticides: stereospecificity of profenofos insecticide activation.

The mouse liver microsomal mixed-function oxidase system converts several phosphorothiolate pesticides with S-ethyl, S-propyl, or S-butyl groups to more potent inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase. This activation is stereospecific for the chiral isomers of O-(4-bromo-2-chlorophenyl) O-ethyl S-propyl phosphorothiolate (profenofos insecticide); the more toxic (-) isomer becomes a 34-fold better inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase in vitro, whereas the less toxic (+) isomer is deactivated by a factor of 2. Prior treatment of the microsomes with piperonyl butoxide or another mixed-function oxidase inhibitor markedly decreases the activation.

Stereoselectivity of a radioimmunoassay for the insecticide S-bioallethrin.

The stereoselectivity of a radioimmunoassay (RIA) system using an S-bioallethrin specific antiserum was studied by observing the abilities of the 8 allethrin isomers and other selected compounds to compete with a radiolabelled S-bioallethrin tyramine derivative for antibody binding sites. The results demonstrate the feasibility of RIA as a rapid, sensitive and steroselective residue technique for compounds difficult to analyze by classical methods.

Bone mineral content in the proximal tibia measured by computer tomography.

With a slight modification of the EMI MK1 scanner a sensitive method for examination of the bone mineral content in the proximal tibia was achieved. The method allows an estimation of the amount of trabecular and cortical bone as well as their mineral content. The anatomic structure of the bone substance is demonstrated, differing in osteoporosis and osteomalacia.

Effects of early wound healing and wound treatment with zinc tape on intestinal absorption and distribution of zinc in rats.

In rats operated with large excisional skin wounds which were not treated with zinc tape, the serum zinc concentration was decreased at every observation time during the first post-operative day and the absorption of zinc from the intestine was increased. Slight decreases in the zinc concentration were seen in some tissues while liver zinc was very high. In rats with wounds treated with zinc tape, serum zinc was markedly increased at 6 hours, lower but above control levels at 7 and 12 hours and markedly increased again at 24 hours.

Turnover of 65Zn and 82Sr in growing rats. A comparative investigation.

Analysis of bone retention data using 2- or 3-compartment models gives nearly equal relative accretion rates for zinc and calcium (85Sr) in endochondral bone and calcifying cartilage. The rate for zinc in cortical bone is 70% of that for calcium. As the existence in cortical bone of large, slowly exchanging compartments limitating accretion is consistent with the data, the relative accretion rate for zinc may more closely reflect the relative accretion rate of cortical bone.