Evolutionary robotics as a modelling tool in evolutionary biology.

The use of evolutionary robotic systems to model aspects of evolutionary biology is well-established. Yet, few studies have asked the question, "What kind of model is an evolutionary robotic system?" This paper seeks to address that question in several ways. First, it is addressed by applying a structured model description developed for physical robot models of animal sensorimotor systems, then by outlining the strengths and limitations of evolutionary robotics for modelling evolutionary biology, and, finally, by considering the deepest questions in evolution and which of them might feasibly be modelled by evolutionary robotics.

Understanding consumer attitudes towards second-hand robots for the home.

As robot numbers in the home increase, creating a market for second-hand robotic systems is essential to reduce the waste impact of the industry. Via a survey, consumer attitudes of United Kingdom participants towards second-hand robots were investigated; finding that second-hand robots with guarantees have an equal purchasing interest compared to new systems, highlighting the opportunity for manufacturers and retailers to develop certification standards for second-hand robots to move towards a circular economy. Consumer demographics also demonstrated that those most open to the purchase of both new and second-hand systems were women, those aged 18-25 years old, and those who have previously owned a robot for the home.

Practical hardware for evolvable robots.

The evolutionary robotics field offers the possibility of autonomously generating robots that are adapted to desired tasks by iteratively optimising across successive generations of robots with varying configurations until a high-performing candidate is found. The prohibitive time and cost of actually building this many robots means that most evolutionary robotics work is conducted in simulation, but to apply evolved robots to real-world problems, they must be implemented in hardware, which brings new challenges. This paper explores in detail the design of an example system for realising diverse evolved robot bodies, and specifically how this interacts with the evolutionary process.

Simulation for diversity, equity and inclusion in emergency medicine residency training: A qualitative study.

Background: The last few years have seen an increased focus on diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) initiatives across organizations. Simulation has been used in varying degrees for teaching about DEI topics with emergency medicine; however, there are no established best practices or guidelines on this subject. To further examine the use of simulation for DEI teachings, the DEISIM work group was created as a collaboration between the Society of Academic Emergency Medicine (SAEM) Simulation Academy and the Academy for Diversity and Inclusion in Emergency Medicine (ADIEM).

Impact of COVID-19 on Physical Activity in Families Managing ADHD and the Cyclical Effect on Worsening Mental Health.

Physical activity supports symptom management in children with ADHD and reduces the mental health burden associated with caregiving for children with ADHD. Survey-based research shows that COVID-19 reduced physical activity among diverse populations. This study used a qualitative approach situated within a socioecological framework to (1) understand how COVID-19 impacted physical activity of children with ADHD and their caregivers, to (2) identify barriers to their physical activity, and to (3) identify potential areas of support.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of families dealing with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic uprooted regular routines forcing many children to learn from home, requiring many adults to work from home, and cutting families off from support outside the home. Public health restrictions associated with the pandemic caused widespread psychological distress including depression and anxiety, increased fear, panic, and stress. These trends are particularly concerning for families raising neuroatypical children such as those with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), as these children are already more likely than their typically developing peers to experience comorbid mental health issues, and to experience greater distress when required to stay indoors.

Coping Strategies in Women and Children Living with Domestic Violence: Staying Alive.

Purpose: Children exposed to domestic violence are at risk of adverse short- and long-term psychosocial effects and of being abused themselves. However, mothers and children face systemic gaps when seeking safety from domestic violence services and police. Safety planning typically focuses on women, overlooking their multiple social identities and excluding their children.

Experiments in artificial culture: from noisy imitation to storytelling robots.

This paper presents a series of experiments in collective social robotics, spanning more than 10 years, with the long-term aim of building embodied models of (aspects of) cultural evolution. Initial experiments demonstrated the emergence of behavioural traditions in a group of social robots programmed to imitate each other's behaviours (we call these Copybots). These experiments show that the noisy (i.

IEEE P7001: A Proposed Standard on Transparency.

This paper describes IEEE P7001, a new draft standard on transparency of autonomous systems. In the paper, we outline the development and structure of the draft standard. We present the rationale for transparency as a measurable, testable property.

Role-Play as Responsible Robotics: The Virtual Witness Testimony Role-Play Interview for Investigating Hazardous Human-Robot Interactions.

The development of responsible robotics requires paying attention to responsibility within the research process in addition to responsibility as the outcome of research. This paper describes the preparation and application of a novel method to explore hazardous human-robot interactions. The Virtual Witness Testimony role-play interview is an approach that enables participants to engage with scenarios in which a human being comes to physical harm whilst a robot is present and may have had a malfunction.

Upending "Normal": Toward an Integrated and Intersectional Approach to Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in the Legal Profession: Comment on Blanck, Hyseni, and Altunkol Wise's National Study of the Legal Profession.

Diversity, equity, and inclusion ("DEI") in the workplace is a complex issue at any time and in any organization. However, in this time of great upheaval-COVID-19, a renewed racial reckoning in the United States, and increased climate consciousness and social justice awareness-profound issues about work and the role of organizations are being raised simultaneously. This confluence of systemic issues highlights three critically important broad concepts that can help evolve our approach to addressing workplace inequities.

Sympathomimetic-Induced Hyperthermia and Hyponatremia: A Simulation Case for Emergency Medicine Residents.

Introduction: MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) is a popular drug of abuse associated with a variety of clinical manifestations. There are a number of life-threatening sequelae, including, but not limited to, agitated delirium, cardiac dysrhythmias, and hyperthermia. Similar to other substances that cause sympathomimetic toxidromes, MDMA also induces a syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion-like state resulting in hyponatremia.

Mock Oral Board Examinations via Web-based Video Teleconferencing in the Era of COVID-19.

Owing to infection control measures necessitated by the COVID-19 pandemic, many educational didactic components within residency programs have needed to adapt to virtual formats. We describe and evaluate the transition of an in-person mock oral board certification examination to an entirely virtual format. Oral board cases consisting of two single cases and one triple case were adapted to a virtual format using a Web-based video teleconferencing platform.

Mutual Shaping in Swarm Robotics: User Studies in Fire and Rescue, Storage Organization, and Bridge Inspection.

Many real-world applications have been suggested in the swarm robotics literature. However, there is a general lack of understanding of what needs to be done for robot swarms to be useful and trusted by users in reality. This paper aims to investigate user perception of robot swarms in the workplace, and inform design principles for the deployment of future swarms in real-world applications.

Designing Ethical Social Robots-A Longitudinal Field Study With Older Adults.

Emotional deception and emotional attachment are regarded as ethical concerns in human-robot interaction. Considering these concerns is essential, particularly as little is known about longitudinal effects of interactions with social robots. We ran a longitudinal user study with older adults in two retirement villages, where people interacted with a robot in a didactic setting for eight sessions over a period of 4 weeks.

Body, Blood, and Brilliance: A Black Woman's Battle for Loud Healing and Strength.

In this defining moments essay, the author describes a day in her life as a woman living with uterine fibroids. As a Black woman scholar, the author found unwell and bloody bodies are counterproductive to some academic institutions, which make little to no room for the deep, intersectional stories of wounded, healing and recovering academics. Not only is the journey toward healing one that has often been muted, but it has been silent in many journal spaces, though the fibroid condition is a very common epidemic often leading to other health conditions and procedures.

Effectiveness of Bath Wipes After Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: A Randomized Trial.

Bacteremia is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Infections of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and multidrug resistant (MDR) gram-negative rods (GNRs) are common in this population. Our objective was to assess whether experimental bath wipes containing silver were more effective than standard bath wipes containing soap at reducing skin colonization by VRE and MDR GNRs, and nonmucosal barrier injury bacteremia.

Applicant Attitudes Toward the Association of American Medical Colleges' Standardized Video Interview.

Background: The Standardized Video Interview (SVI) was developed by the American Association of Medical Colleges to allow applicants to include objective data about professional behaviors and interpersonal and communication skills. Although the SVI pilot was administered to individuals applying to emergency medicine (EM) residency programs during the 2018 Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS) cycle, little data have been published evaluating the applicant's perceptions. This survey aims to assess EM residency applicant attitudes toward the SVI.

Ethical governance is essential to building trust in robotics and artificial intelligence systems.

This paper explores the question of ethical governance for robotics and artificial intelligence (AI) systems. We outline a roadmap-which links a number of elements, including ethics, standards, regulation, responsible research and innovation, and public engagement-as a framework to guide ethical governance in robotics and AI. We argue that ethical governance is essential to building public trust in robotics and AI, and conclude by proposing five pillars of good ethical governance.