Understanding human--coyote encounters in urban ecosystems using citizen science data: what do socioeconomics tell us?

The coyote (Canis latrans) has dramatically expanded its range to include the cities and suburbs of the western US and those of the Eastern Seaboard. Highly adaptable, this newcomer's success causes conflicts with residents, necessitating research to understand the distribution of coyotes in urban landscapes. Citizen science can be a powerful approach toward this aim.

Bilateral inferior insertion of lateral rectus muscles associated with schizencephaly.

A 5-year-old boy with a large V-pattern exotropia is described. He has a background of congenital left hemiparesis associated with schizencephaly. At the time of surgery the lateral recti were found to be abnormally inferiorly positioned.

Testing for glaucoma with the spatial frequency doubling illusion.

We examined the performance of tests for glaucoma based on the spatial frequency doubling (FD) illusion. Contrast thresholds for seeing the FD illusion in four large visual field regions were measured from 340 subjects who were tested up to seven times over 2 years. Median sensitivities of 91% at specificities of 95% were obtained.

Comparing a parallel PERG, automated perimetry, and frequency-doubling thresholds.

Purpose: A pattern electroretinogram (PERG) simultaneously displaying the frequency-doubling (FD) illusion in nine parts of the visual field was compared with two other methods for ability to detect glaucoma. This multiregion FD PERG (MFP) was compared with results from achromatic automated perimetry and psychophysical tests using FD stimuli.

Methods: MFP data were compared with that from the Humphrey Field Analyser (HFA; Humphrey, San Leandro, CA) 24-2 program.

A spatial frequency-doubling illusion-based pattern electroretinogram for glaucoma.

Purpose: A pattern electroretinogram (PERG) in which stimuli displaying the frequency-doubling (FD) illusion are presented simultaneously to multiple parts of the visual field was evaluated for its ability to diagnose glaucoma. This multiregion FD PERG is referred to in the current study as the MFP.

Methods: The nine stimulus regions were temporally modulated at incommensurate frequencies typically producing an FD percept.

Neurodermatitis: what is it?

Neurodermatitis has so frequently been used to discuss any skin eruption associated with anxiety that it has become less specific as a diagnosis. It was intended to refer to localized circumscribed patches of lichenified skin associated with itching. Without proper knowledge of its etiology or its appearance it can be confused with many other conditions, resulting in poor management.