Proteasome inhibition enhances oncolytic reovirus therapy in multiple myeloma independently of its direct cytotoxic effects.

Background: Reovirus (RV) is an oncolytic virus with natural tropism for cancer cells. We previously showed that RV administration in multiple myeloma (MM) patients was safe, but disease control associated with viral replication in the cancer cells was not observed. The combination with proteasome inhibitors (PIs) has shown to enhance RV therapeutic activity, but the mechanisms of action have not been fully elucidated.

Primate Phenotypes: A Multi-Institution Collection of 3D Morphological Data Housed in MorphoSource.

The field of phenomics is experiencing unprecedented advances thanks to the rapid growth of morphological quantification based on three-dimensional (3D) imaging, online data repositories, team-oriented collaborations, and open data-sharing policies. In line with these progressions, we present an extensive primate phenotypic dataset comprising >6,000 3D scans (media) representing skeletal morphologies of 386 individual specimens covering all hominoid genera (except humans) and other selected primates. The digitized specimens are housed in physical collections at the American Museum of Natural History, the National Museum of Natural History, the Royal Museum for Central Africa (Belgium), the Cleveland Museum of Natural History, and Stony Brook University.

Identification and prioritization of patient-centred strategies to enhance IBD-related care for older adults: a modified Delphi approach.

Background: The older adult age group makes up one of the fastest-growing groups of individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It is important to hear the perspectives of older adults living with IBD about care experiences and managing their illness. The purpose of this patient-oriented study was to identify and prioritize patient-centred strategies that have the potential to enhance IBD-related care for older adults in Saskatchewan.

Dental topography of prosimian premolars predicts diet: A comparison in premolar and molar dietary classification accuracies.

Objectives: This study tests whether (1) premolar topography of extant "prosimians" (strepsirrhines and tarsiers) successfully predicts diet and (2) whether the combination of molar and premolar topography yields higher classification accuracy than using either tooth position in isolation.

Materials And Methods: Dental topographic metrics (ariaDNE, relief index, and orientation patch count rotated) were calculated for 118 individual matched-pairs of mandibular fourth premolars (P) and second molars (M). The sample represents 7 families and 22 genera.

The Effects of Resistance Training on Sport-Specific Performance of Elite Athletes: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.

This systematic review examines the influence of resistance training (RT) on the performance outcomes of elite athletes. Adhering to PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive search across PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases was conducted, considering studies up to November 19, 2023. The inclusion criteria were elite athletes involved in high-level competitions.

Adeno-associated viral vectors for functional intravenous gene transfer throughout the non-human primate brain.

Crossing the blood-brain barrier in primates is a major obstacle for gene delivery to the brain. Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) promise robust, non-invasive gene delivery from the bloodstream to the brain. However, unlike in rodents, few neurotropic AAVs efficiently cross the blood-brain barrier in non-human primates.

Musculoskeletal Injury Prevalence, Pain Perception, and Physical Activity Level Among Brazilian Strength and Cross-Training Practitioners.

In this study, we sought to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries, perceived pain, and physical activity level among Brazilian practitioners of strength training (ST) and functional fitness (FF). Participants were 311 men and women who trained in 10 FF training centers and seven ST gyms. Each participant completed surveys of the prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries, their pain perception, and their physical activity level.

Intravenous functional gene transfer throughout the brain of non-human primates using AAV.

Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) promise robust gene delivery to the brain through non-invasive, intravenous delivery. However, unlike in rodents, few neurotropic AAVs efficiently cross the blood-brain barrier in non-human primates (NHPs). Here we describe AAV.

Altered lung physiology in two cohorts after COVID-19 infection as assessed by computed cardiopulmonography.

The longer-term effects of COVID-19 on lung physiology remain poorly understood. Here, a new technique, computed cardiopulmonography (CCP), was used to study two COVID-19 cohorts (MCOVID and C-MORE-LP) at both ∼6 and ∼12 mo after infection. CCP is comprised of two components.

Internal Validity in Resistance Training Research: A Systematic Review.

Ensuring internal validity is the key procedure when planning the study design. Numerous systematic reviews have demonstrated that considerations for internal validity do not receive adequate attention in the primary research in sport sciences. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to review methodological procedures in current literature where the effects of resistance training on strength, speed, and endurance performance in athletes were analyzed.

Effects of Manual Therapies and Resistance Exercise on Postexercise Hypotension in Women With Normal Blood Pressure.

Monteiro, ER, Pescatello, LS, Winchester, JB, Corrêa Neto, VG, Brown, AF, Budde, H, Marchetti, PH, Silva, JG, Vianna, JM, and Novaes, JdS. Effects of manual therapies and resistance exercise on postexercise hypotension in women with normal blood pressure. J Strength Cond Res 36(4): 948-954, 2022-The purpose of this investigation was to examine the acute effects of resistance exercise (RE) and different manual therapies (static stretching and manual massage [MM]) performed separately or combined on blood pressure (BP) responses during recovery in women with normal BP.

Mitohormesis reprogrammes macrophage metabolism to enforce tolerance.

Macrophages generate mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial reactive electrophilic species as antimicrobials during Toll-like receptor (TLR)-dependent inflammatory responses. Whether mitochondrial stress caused by these molecules impacts macrophage function is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that both pharmacologically driven and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-driven mitochondrial stress in macrophages triggers a stress response called mitohormesis.

Insights from macroevolutionary modelling and ancestral state reconstruction into the radiation and historical dietary ecology of Lemuriformes (Primates, Mammalia).

Background: Lemurs once rivalled the diversity of rest of the primate order despite thier confinement to the island of Madagascar. We test the adaptive radiation model of Malagasy lemur diversity using a novel combination of phylogenetic comparative methods and geometric methods for quantifying tooth shape.

Results: We apply macroevolutionary model fitting approaches and disparity through time analysis to dental topography metrics associated with dietary adaptation, an aspect of mammalian ecology which appears to be closely related to diversification in many clades.

Developmental partitioning of SYK and ZAP70 prevents autoimmunity and cancer.

Even though SYK and ZAP70 kinases share high sequence homology and serve analogous functions, their expression in B and T cells is strictly segregated throughout evolution. Here, we identified aberrant ZAP70 expression as a common feature in a broad range of B cell malignancies. We validated SYK as the kinase that sets the thresholds for negative selection of autoreactive and premalignant clones.

IFITM3 functions as a PIP3 scaffold to amplify PI3K signalling in B cells.

Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) has previously been identified as an endosomal protein that blocks viral infection. Here we studied clinical cohorts of patients with B cell leukaemia and lymphoma, and identified IFITM3 as a strong predictor of poor outcome. In normal resting B cells, IFITM3 was minimally expressed and mainly localized in endosomes.

Effects of cropping, smoothing, triangle count, and mesh resolution on 6 dental topographic metrics.

Dental topography is a widely used method for quantifying dental morphology and inferring dietary ecology in animals. Differences in methodology have brought into question the comparability of different studies. Using primate mandibular second molars, we investigated the effects of mesh preparation parameters smoothing, cropping, and triangle count/mesh resolution (herein, resolution) on six topographic variables (Dirichlet normal energy, DNE; orientation patch count rotated, OPCR; relief index, RFI; ambient occlusion, portion de ciel visible, PCV; enamel surface area, SA; tooth size) to determine the effects of smoothing, cropping, and triangle count/resolution on topographic values and the relationship between these values and diet.

Ambient occlusion and PCV (portion de ciel visible): A new dental topographic metric and proxy of morphological wear resistance.

Recently, ambient occlusion, quantified through portion de ciel visible (PCV) was introduced as a method for quantifying dental morphological wear resistance and reconstructing diet in mammals. Despite being used to reconstruct diet and investigate the relationship between dental form and function, no rigorous analysis has investigated the correlation between PCV and diet. Using a sample of platyrrhine and prosimians M2s, we show average PCV was significantly different between most dietary groups.

Patient knowledge and adherence to maintenance hemodialysis: an International comparison study.

Background: Non-adherence to hemodialysis (HD) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. In this cross-sectional study, we compared correlates and rates of non-adherence between the US and Japan to determine if differences in patient knowledge about HD might account for international variation in adherence.

Methods: We evaluated 100 US and 116 Japanese patients on maintenance HD.

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-positive pauci-immune glomerulonephritis associated with mantle cell lymphoma.

Renal involvement in non-Hodgkin lymphoma, especially mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is rare. A 77-year-old man presented with acute kidney injury (AKI), which rapidly progressed to dialysis dependence. Kidney biopsy revealed patchy B-cell lymphocytic aggregates in the interstitium, which were positive for cyclin D1, consistent with atypical CD5-negative MCL as confirmed by the detection of translocation t(11;14) by FISH.

Physical activity alters limb bone structure but not entheseal morphology.

Studies of ancient human skeletal remains frequently proceed from the assumption that individuals with robust limb bones and/or rugose, hypertrophic entheses can be inferred to have been highly physically active during life. Here, we experimentally test this assumption by measuring the effects of exercise on limb bone structure and entheseal morphology in turkeys. Growing females were either treated with a treadmill-running regimen for 10 weeks or served as controls.

Myoeletric Activity of the Quadriceps During Leg Press Exercise Performed With Differing Techniques.

Machado, W, Paz, G, Mendes, L, Maia, M, Winchester, JB, Lima, V, Willardson, JM, and Miranda, H. Myoeletric activity of the quadriceps during leg press exercise performed with differing techniques. J Strength Cond Res 31(2): 422-429, 2017-The quadriceps muscle supplies the motive force for dynamic knee extension.

The Relationship Between Aerobic and Anaerobic Performance in Recreational Runners.

Research has indicated that combined aerobic and anaerobic training (concurrent training) may improve aerobic performance greater than aerobic training alone. The purpose of this investigation was to establish any associations between aerobic and anaerobic performance. Eleven participants (n = 11, age = 34.

Saliva Urea Nitrogen Continuously Reflects Blood Urea Nitrogen after Acute Kidney Injury Diagnosis and Management: Longitudinal Observational Data from a Collaborative, International, Prospective, Multicenter Study.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a growing global concern and often reversible. Saliva urea nitrogen (SUN) measured by a dipstick may allow rapid diagnosis. We studied longitudinal agreement between SUN and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and the diagnostic performance of both.