Molecular Characterization of Methicillin-Susceptible and -Resistant Harboring Panton-Valentine Leukocidin-Encoding Bacteriophages in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Myanmar.

Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) is a pore-forming toxin encoded by genes on bacteriophages distributed to , associated with its increased virulence to humans. In this study, molecular epidemiological characteristics were investigated for 239 clinical isolates of collected in a tertiary care hospital in Yangon, Myanmar, particularly with regard to methicillin resistance and PVL genes. Methicillin-resistant (MRSA) accounted for 13.

Molecular characterization of Staphylococcus argenteus in Myanmar: identification of novel genotypes/clusters in staphylocoagulase, protein A, alpha-haemolysin and other virulence factors.

Purpose: Staphylococcus argenteus is a novel emerging species of coagulase-positive staphylococcus that is genetically closely related to Staphylococcus aureus. To elucidate the molecular differences in the virulence factors (staphylocoagulase, protein A, alpha-haemolysin, enterotoxin-like toxin and staphylokinase) between these staphylococcal species, S. argenteus that had recently been isolated in Myanmar (five nasal isolates and four clinical isolates) were analysed.

Genotyping of rotavirus isolates collected from children less than 5 years of age admitted for diarrhoea at the Yangon Children's Hospital, Myanmar.

Rotavirus positive stool specimens collected from children less than 5-year-old admitted to Yangon Children's Hospital for diarrhoea were analysed for their G and P genotypes. In 2004, rotavirus was detected in 57% of 1004 samples tested with G3 and P[8] being the most common genotypes identified. Corresponding figures in 2005, were 55% of 1175 samples positive for rotavirus with G3 and P[4] genotypes being most common.

Active surveillance for congenital rubella syndrome in Yangon, Myanmar.

Objective: Rubella vaccine is not included in the immunization schedule in Myanmar. Although surveillance for outbreaks of measles and rubella is conducted nationwide, there is no routine surveillance for congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). Therefore, we organized a study to assess the burden of CRS.

Hospital-based surveillance for rotavirus diarrhea in children in Yangon, Myanmar.

Diarrhea is a common childhood illness in Myanmar, and rotavirus is the single most important etiological agent of diarrhea. Surveillance for rotavirus diarrhea in children <5 years of age was conducted in a tertiary pediatric hospital in Yangon, Myanmar, from January 2002 through December 2003. Stool specimens obtained from children admitted to the hospital for acute diarrhea were tested for the presence of rotavirus by use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.