A global fairtrade partnership needed to address injustices in the supply chains of clean energy technology materials.

Abstract: Renewable sources produced close to one-third of the world's electricity in 2023. However, a limited but growing body of research suggests rapid renewable energy development is leading to conflict and resource exploitation in energy-transitioning communities. Such injustices are attributable to the extractivist nature of renewable energy development, where raw materials, also known as Clean Energy Technology Materials (CETMs), are in limited quantities and often concentrated in resource-constrained zones in the Global South.

Standardizing the factors used in wind farm site suitability models: A review.

As global wind energy capacity continues to expand, the need to site commercial wind farms in productive, affordable, and technically feasible locations has become increasingly important. The use of wind farm site suitability models to identify these locations has grown consequently, thus increasing interest in standardizing certain aspects of these models' development. This systematic review of wind farm site suitability studies seeks to identify similarities and differences in the selection and representation of their enlisted siting factors.

The Influence of Obesity on Hip Pain, Function, and Satisfaction 10 Years Following Total Hip Arthroplasty.

Background: The prevalence of obesity is rising, and increasing numbers of joint arthroplasty surgeries are being performed on obese patients. Concern exists that obesity increases surgical risk; however, its impact on function following total hip arthroplasty (THA) is inconsistently affirmed and less understood. A paucity exists in the literature pertaining long-term objective functional measures.

Sliding hip screws versus cancellous screws for femoral neck fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: Both sliding hip screws (SHS) and cancellous screws are used in the surgical management of intracapsular femoral neck fracture. However, there is paucity of information as to which is the superior treatment modality. We performed this systematic review and meta-analysis study to compare the clinical outcomes of SHS and cancellous screws for the treatment of femoral neck fractures in adult patients.

Imaging Metal-on-Metal Hip Replacements: the Norwich Experience.

Background: Adverse reaction to metal debris is a relatively recently described and often a silent complication of metal-on-metal (MOM) total hip replacements (THR). The Norfolk & Norwich University Hospital has been performing metal artefact reduction (MARS) MRI for 8 years in a variety of different types of MOM THR.

Questions/purposes: The aims of this review are to describe the experience of using MARS MRI in Norwich and to compare our experience with that published by other groups.

A new technique for radiographic measurement of acetabular cup orientation.

Accurate radiographic measurement of acetabular cup orientation is required in order to assess susceptibility to impingement, dislocation, and edge loading wear. In this study, the accuracy and precision of a new radiographic cup orientation measurement system were assessed and compared to those of two commercially available systems. Two types of resurfacing hip prostheses and an uncemented prosthesis were assessed.

Digital templating facilitates accurate leg length correction in total hip arthroplasty.

Digital templating of pre-operative radiographs is increasingly utilised by surgeons before total hip arthroplasty (THA) as part of an adequate preoperative preparation to minimise complications. Templating can accurately predict the required implant sizes but its use in facilitating correction of leg length discrepancy (LLD) has been underreported in the literature. We performed a retrospective analysis of a cohort of consecutive patients undergoing primary THA.

Metal ion levels not sufficient as a screening measure for adverse reactions in metal-on-metal hip arthroplasties.

This study aims to assess the accuracy of metal ion analysis in the diagnosis of adverse reaction to metal debris (ARMD) in patients with metal-on-metal hip arthroplasties by comparing the cobalt and chromium levels in 57 patients (62 hips) to findings on metal artifact reduction magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). An ARMD was detected using MRI in 18 (29%) of the hips. Forty patients had cobalt levels less than 7 μg/L, and 33 had chromium levels less than 7 μg/L, but 8 of these had an ARMD on MRI and only minimal symptoms (Oxford Hip Score ≥ 44/48).

MRI of aseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesions in metal-on-metal hip replacements.

Objective: The aim of this review is to describe the clinical, histopathologic, and MRI features of aseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesions in total hip replacements.

Conclusion: The introduction of modern metal-on-metal hip arthroplasty has been accompanied by a newly described disease, aseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesions, which is characterized histologically by bland necrosis and dense perivascular lymphocytic infiltrates. Conventional radiographic findings are often normal, but the typical MRI findings include periprosthetic fluid collections, soft-tissue masses, gluteal tendon avulsion, bone loss, periosteal stripping, neurovascular involvement, and periprosthetic fractures.

Optimising fast track care for proximal femoral fracture patients using modified early warning score.

Introduction: The care for patients with a proximal femoral fracture has been dramatically overhauled with the introduction of 'fast track' protocols and the British Orthopaedic Association guidance in 2007. Fast track pathways focus on streamlining patient flow through the emergency department where the guidance addresses standards of care. We prospectively examined the impact these protocols have on patient care and propose an alternative 'streamed care' pathway to provide improved medical care within existing resource constraints.

Current concepts in osteolysis.

The most frequent cause of failure after total hip replacement in all reported arthroplasty registries is peri-prosthetic osteolysis. Osteolysis is an active biological process initiated in response to wear debris. The eventual response to this process is the activation of macrophages and loss of bone.

Reliability of the radiological assessments of radiolucency and loosening in total hip arthroplasty using PACS.

We evaluated the reliability of three commonly used radiological assessments of total hip arthroplasty (THA) using the electronic picture archiving and communications system (PACS). Thirty-three patients were selected at random at a mean of 7.2 years after THA.

A reliability study of measurement tools available on standard picture archiving and communication system workstations for the evaluation of hip radiographs following arthroplasty.

Background: Conventional radiography is the primary imaging tool for routine follow-up of total hip replacements, but the reliability of this method has been questioned. The aim of this study was to assess the reliability of commonly used measurements of the position of hip prostheses on postoperative radiographs with use of tools available on all standard picture archiving and communication system workstations.

Methods: Fifty anteroposterior pelvic and lateral hip radiographs that were made after a unilateral total hip arthroplasty were included in this study.

The influence of obesity on early outcomes in primary hip arthroplasty.

Obesity is considered an independent risk factor for adverse outcome after arthroplasty surgery. Data on 191 consecutive total hip arthroplasties were prospectively collected. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated for each patient and grouped into nonobese (BMI <30 kg/m(2)), obese (BMI 30-34.

Silent soft tissue pathology is common with a modern metal-on-metal hip arthroplasty.

Background And Purpose: Adverse reactions to metal debris have been reported to be a cause of pain in metal-on-metal hip arthroplasty. We assessed the incidence of both symptomatic and asymptomatic adverse reactions in a consecutive series of patients with a modern large-head metal-on-metal hip arthroplasty.

Methods: We studied the early clinical results and results of routine metal artifact-reduction MRI screening in a series of 79 large-head metal-on-metal hip arthroplasties (ASR; DePuy, Leeds, UK) in 68 patients.

Early failure of the Ultima metal-on-metal total hip replacement in the presence of normal plain radiographs.

Metal-on-metal total hip replacement has been targeted at younger patients with anticipated long-term survival, but the effect of the production of metal ions is a concern because of their possible toxicity to cells. We have reviewed the results of the use of the Ultima hybrid metal-on-metal total hip replacement, with a cemented polished tapered femoral component with a 28 mm diameter and a cobalt-chrome (CoCr) modular head, articulating with a 28 mm CoCr acetabular bearing surface secured in a titanium alloy uncemented shell. Between 1997 and 2004, 545 patients with 652 affected hips underwent replacement using this system.

Grading the severity of soft tissue changes associated with metal-on-metal hip replacements: reliability of an MR grading system.

Introduction: Metal-on-metal (MoM) soft tissue reactions or aseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesions (ALVAL) are being recognised using metal artefact reduction (MAR) MR with increasing frequency following the advent of second generation metal-on-metal bearings, but there is no standardised technique for reporting of MR appearances in this disease. The aim of this study was to measure the reliability of a grading system designed for scoring the severity of MoM disease on MRI.

Materials And Methods: MRI examinations of 73 hips in 59 patients were retrospectively selected and then anonymised, randomised and reviewed by three independent observers (musculoskeletal radiologists).

Irreducible posterior subtalar dislocation with incarceration of a fracture of the anterior process of the calcaneum.

Subtalar dislocation is a significant injury characterised by late complications, including subtalar arthritis. We describe a rare case of irreducible posterior subtalar dislocation due to incarceration of a fracture of the anterior process of the calcaneum in the subtalar joint, and discuss appropriate management.

The clinical and radiological outcomes of the LISS plate for distal femoral fractures: a systematic review.

Purpose: The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the literature evaluating the clinical and radiological outcomes following less invasive surgical stabilisation system (LISS) fixation of distal femoral fractures (AO 32/33).

Methods: A review of EMBASE, Medline, CINAHL and AMED from their inception to November 2008, sources of grey literature and a pertinent hand search of specialist orthopaedic journals was undertaken.

Results: Twenty-one studies assessing 663 patients with 694 fractures were reviewed.

The natural history of metallosis from catastrophic failure of a polyethylene liner in a total hip.

We report on a case of metallosis initially presumed to be heterotopic ossification based on radiologic findings. A 68-year-old man with a total hip arthroplasty experienced failure of the polyethylene liner, resulting in articulation of the ceramic head with the titanium acetabular shell. During revision surgery, extensive metallic debris was evident macroscopically throughout the periprosthetic tissue and was confirmed histologically to be metallosis.

CT and MRI of hip arthroplasty.

Plain films are the initial imaging method of choice for evaluation of hip arthroplasty. Recent advances in technology and imaging techniques have largely overcome the problems of beam hardening in computed tomography (CT) and magnetic susceptibility artefact in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). CT and MRI have now become useful imaging techniques in the assessment of hip arthroplasty.

Revision total hip replacement using cemented collarless double-taper femoral components.

We investigated 219 revisions of total hip replacement (THR) in 211 patients using a collarless double-taper cemented femoral component. The mean age of the patients was 72 years (30 to 90). The 137 long and 82 standard length stems were analysed separately.