Are AI chatbots concordant with evidence-based cancer screening recommendations?

Objective: This study aimed to assess whether information from AI chatbots on benefits and harms of breast and prostate cancer screening were concordant with evidence-based cancer screening recommendations.

Methods: Seven unique prompts (four breast cancer; three prostate cancer) were presented to ChatGPT in March 2024. A total of 60 criteria (30 breast; 30 prostate) were used to assess the concordance of information.

Energy-based interventions for genitourinary syndrome of menopause: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials and prospective observational studies.

Importance: Hormone treatments for genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) symptoms have limitations. There is interest in nonhormone therapies, including energy-based interventions. Benefits and harms of energy-based interventions are not currently well known.

Incorporating Economic Evidence in Clinical Guidelines: A Framework From the Clinical Guidelines Committee of the American College of Physicians.

In recognition of accelerating health care spending and alignment with the American College of Physicians (ACP) principles of promoting high-value care, the ACP Clinical Guidelines Committee (CGC) developed a framework to standardize its approach to identifying, appraising, and considering economic evidence in the development of ACP clinical guidelines. This article presents the CGC's process for incorporating economic evidence, which encompasses cost-effectiveness analyses, economic outcomes in randomized controlled trials, and resource utilization (intervention cost) data. Economic evidence is one component of ACP recommendations.

Strategies to Address Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health and Health Care for Chronic Conditions : An Evidence Map of Research From 2017 to 2024.

Background: Racial and ethnic disparities in health and health care persist in the United States, adversely affecting outcomes in prevention and treatment of chronic conditions among adults.

Purpose: To map interventions aimed at reducing racial and ethnic disparities and improving health outcomes in the prevention and treatment of chronic conditions in adults.

Data Sources: Searches of MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Scopus from January 2017 to April 2024, supplemented with gray literature.

Hormonal Treatments and Vaginal Moisturizers for Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause : A Systematic Review.

Background: Postmenopausal women commonly experience vulvovaginal, urinary, and sexual symptoms associated with genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM).

Purpose: To evaluate effectiveness and harms of vaginal estrogen, nonestrogen hormone therapies, and vaginal moisturizers for treatment of GSM symptoms.

Data Sources: Medline, Embase, and CINAHL through 11 December 2023.

Complementary and Alternative Therapies for Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause : An Evidence Map.

Background: Women seeking nonhormonal interventions for vulvovaginal, urinary, and sexual symptoms associated with genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) may seek out complementary and alternative medicine or therapies (CAMs).

Purpose: To summarize published evidence of CAMs for GSM.

Data Sources: Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL from inception through 11 December 2023.

Treatment of Stages I-III Squamous Cell Anal Cancer: A Comparative Effectiveness Systematic Review.

Purpose: To assess the effectiveness and harms of initial treatment strategies for stages I-III anal squamous cell cancer (SCC).

Methods: We searched Medline®, Embase®, and CENTRAL®, between January 1, 2000- March 2024, for randomized controlled trials and nonrandomized studies of interventions comparing initial treatment strategies. Individual study risk of bias (RoB) and overall strength of evidence (SOE) were evaluated for a prespecified outcome list using standardized methods.

Impact of the diagnostic label for a low-risk prostate lesion: protocol for two online factorial randomised experiments.

Introduction: Many types of prostate cancer present minimal risk to a man's lifespan or well-being, but existing terminology makes it difficult for men to distinguish these from high-risk prostate cancers. This study aims to explore whether using an alternative label for low-risk prostate cancer influences management choice and anxiety levels among Australian men and their partners.

Methods And Analysis: We will run two separate studies for Australian men and Australian women with a male partner.

Prostate cancer screening with MRI does not differ from PSA only for detection but reduces biopsies and overdiagnosis.

Fazekas T, Shim SR, Basile G, et al. JAMA Oncol. 2024;10:745-754.

Reimagining How We Synthesize Information to Impact Clinical Care, Policy, and Research Priorities in Real Time: Examples and Lessons Learned from COVID-19.

Real-time clinical care, policy, and research decisions need real-time evidence synthesis. However, as we found during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is challenging to rapidly address key clinical and policy questions through rigorous, relevant, and usable evidence. Our objective is to present three exemplar cases of rapid evidence synthesis products from the Veterans Healthcare Administration Evidence Synthesis Program (ESP) and, in the context of these examples, outline ESP products, challenges, and lessons learned.

Estimating the Effect of Radical Prostatectomy: Combining Data From the SPCG4 and PIVOT Randomized Trials With Contemporary Cohorts.

Purpose: Two randomized trials (SPCG4 and PIVOT) have compared surgery to conservative management for localized prostate cancer. The applicability of these trials to contemporary practice remains uncertain. We aimed to develop an individualized prediction model for prostate cancer mortality comparing immediate surgery at a high-volume center to active surveillance.

Newer Pharmacologic Treatments in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis for the American College of Physicians.

Background: Newer diabetes medications may have beneficial effects on mortality, cardiovascular outcomes, and renal outcomes.

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness, comparative effectiveness, and harms of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP1) agonists, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors, and long-acting insulins as monotherapy or combination therapy in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Data Sources: MEDLINE and EMBASE for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published from 2010 through January 2023.

Cost-Effectiveness of Newer Pharmacologic Treatments in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review of Cost-Effectiveness Studies for the American College of Physicians.

Background: In the United States, costs of antidiabetes medications exceed $327 billion.

Purpose: To systematically review cost-effectiveness analyses (CEAs) of newer antidiabetes medications for type 2 diabetes.

Data Sources: Bibliographic databases from 1 January 2010 through 13 July 2023, limited to English.

Management of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Attributed to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): AUA Guideline Amendment 2023.

Purpose: The purpose of this American Urological Association (AUA) Guideline amendment is to provide a useful reference on the effective evidence-based management of male lower urinary tract symptoms secondary/attributed to BPH (LUTS/BPH).

Materials And Methods: The Minnesota Evidence Review Team searched Ovid MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) database to identify studies relevant to the management of BPH. The guideline was updated in 2023 to capture eligible literature published between September 2020 and October 2022.

Screening for Colorectal Cancer in Asymptomatic Average-Risk Adults: A Guidance Statement From the American College of Physicians (Version 2).

Description: The purpose of this updated guidance statement is to guide clinicians on screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) in asymptomatic average-risk adults. The intended audience is all clinicians. The population is asymptomatic adults at average risk for CRC.