Risk Factors for Empiric Treatment Failure in US Female Outpatients with Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection: an Observational Study.

Background: Treatment failure (TF) in uncomplicated urinary tract infection (uUTI) increases disease burden and risk of antimicrobial resistance. Identification of risk factors for TF could inform empiric treatment decisions and reduce suboptimal outcomes.

Objective: To evaluate the incidence of TF to empirically prescribed oral antibiotics and identify risk factors for TF in females with uUTI in the United States (US).

Patient- and system-level factors associated with racial/ethnic disparities in the delivery of guideline-concordant therapy among US patients with gastric cancer.

Background: Disparities in gastric cancer (GC) outcomes show a higher disease burden among minorities. We aimed to evaluate the associations between sociodemographic and system-level factors and guideline-concordant treatment among GC patients.

Methods: Cohort study with GC patients in the National Cancer Data Base (2006-2018) treated with upfront resection or neoadjuvant therapy (NAT).

Assessing the use of anti-PD1 monotherapy as adjuvant therapy and determinants of treatment choice in stage III cutaneous melanoma in the US.

Background: The objective of this study was to describe real-world adjuvant therapy (AT) use by disease substage and assess determinants of treatment choice among patients with stage III melanoma.

Methods: This non-interventional retrospective study included survey responses and data from patient records provided by US medical oncologists. Survey responses, patient demographic/clinical characteristics, treatment utilization, and reasons for treatment were reported descriptively.

New Model to Predict Recurrence After Endoscopic Mucosal Resection of Non-pedunculated Colonic Polyps ≥ 20 mm.

Background: Polyp recurrence is common after endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) of non-pedunculated colonic polyps ≥ 20 mm. Two models haven been published for polyp recurrence prediction: Sydney EMR recurrence tool (SERT) and the size, morphology, colonic site, and access to target (SMSA) score. None of these models have been evaluated in a real-world United States (U.

Survival outcomes in veterans with hepatocellular carcinoma, with and without HIV infection.

Background: HIV infection has been associated with survival disparities among persons with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, most studies examining survival do not control for provider (e.g.

Evolution of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) technique and the reduced recurrence of large colonic polyps from 2012 to 2020.

Background: Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is an effective method for removing non-pedunculated polyps ≥ 20 mm. We aimed to examine changes in EMR techniques over a 9-year period and evaluate frequency of histologic-confirmed recurrence.

Methods: We identified patients who underwent EMR of non-pedunculated polyps ≥ 20 mm at a safety net and the Veteran's Affairs (VA) hospital in Houston, Texas between 2012 and 2020.

Understanding the association between clinical staging accuracy, treatment response, and survival among gastric cancer patients through Bayesian analysis.

Background: Neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) improves survival among patients with locally advanced gastric cancer (GC), but it remains unclear whether its benefit is contingent on treatment response.

Methods: This is a national cohort study of stage Ib-III GC patients in the National Cancer Data Base (2006-2015) treated with upfront resection or NAT followed by surgery. Bayesian analysis was used for NAT patients to ascertain staging concordance and to account for down-staging.

Clinical Understaging, Treatment Response, and Survival Among Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Patients.

Introduction: Selecting appropriate management for patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA) is predicated on accurate clinical staging information. Inaccurate information could lead to inappropriate treatment and suboptimal survival. We investigated the relationship between staging accuracy, treatment, and survival.

PD-L1 expression in gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer patients treated with perioperative chemotherapy.

Background And Objectives: The incidence, predictive, and prognostic impact of programmed cell death (PD-L1) expression in gastric (GC) and gastroesophageal junction tumors (GEJC) treated with perioperative chemotherapy is poorly understood. We aimed to assess PD-L1 expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in both pre and posttreatment specimens evaluating its impact on pathological response and survival outcomes.

Methods: Retrospective cohort of patients with GC and GEJ tumors treated in a single western cancer center between 2007 and 2017.

Increasing Incidence of Gallbladder Cancer among Non-Hispanic Blacks in the United States: A Birth Cohort Phenomenon.

Background: Gallbladder cancer incidence varies among racial/ethnic subgroups in the United States (US). We investigated trends in gallbladder cancer incidence rates in 50 states from 2001 to 2018.

Methods: Age-adjusted incidence rates and trends in adults were calculated using data from the US Cancer Statistics registry.

Sociodemographic and Facility-Related Disparities in the Delivery of Guideline-Concordant Therapy Among Patients With Esophageal Adenocarcinoma.

Purpose: Evidence on health disparities among patients treated with multimodality therapy protocols is still limited. We aimed to evaluate the associations between patient-level and system-level factors and the receipt of guideline-concordant therapy among patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA).

Methods: This is a national cohort study of patients with stage I-III EA in the National Cancer Database (2006-2018) treated with either upfront resection or neoadjuvant therapy followed by surgery.

Bayesian Approach to Understand the Association Between Treatment Down-staging and Survival for Patients With Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma.

Objective: To evaluate the association between staging concordance, treatment sequencing, and response to neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) on the survival of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

Summary Of Background Data: NAT is increasingly utilized in the management of patients with PDAC, but it is unclear whether its benefit is contingent on tumor down-staging.

Methods: This was a cohort study of stage I-III PDAC patients in the National Cancer Database (2006-2015) treated with upfront resection or NAT followed by surgery.

Symptomatic Recurrence and Survival Outcomes After Curative Treatment of Gastric Cancer: Does Intensive Follow-up Evaluation Improve Survival?

Background: Intensive surveillance after treatment of gastric cancer patients with curative intent may lead to an earlier diagnosis of disease recurrence, but its impact on survival is uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate whether early diagnosis of disease recurrence among asymptomatic patients was associated with long-term survival.

Methods: This retrospective study analyzed patients with stages 1 to 3C gastric adenocarcinoma treated between 1999 and 2018.

Trends in the incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer in all 50 United States from 2001 through 2017.

Background: The rate of change in the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) among persons younger than 50 years in the United States appears to vary by demographics, tumor location, and geography. This study analyzed data from all 50 states to examine recent changes in the incidence of CRC among persons younger than 50 years and to identify key subgroups with disproportionate risk.

Methods: Annual incidence rates for CRC, colon cancer, and rectal cancer in persons aged 20 to 49 years were extracted from the US Cancer Statistics for the period 2001-2017.

Impact of anticoagulation on recurrent thrombosis and bleeding after hematopoietic cell transplantation.

History of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is prevalent among patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Management of anticoagulation is particularly challenging as most patients will have chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia while awaiting engraftment post-HCT. We conducted a retrospective study of autologous and allogeneic HCT recipients with prior VTE from 2006-2015 to 1) compare anticoagulant strategies on short-term VTE recurrence and bleeding and 2) assess predictors for VTE recurrence beyond 30 days.

Disparities in access to health care system as determinant of survival for patients with pancreatic cancer in the State of São Paulo, Brazil.

Little is known about the features and outcomes of Brazilian patients with pancreatic cancer. We sought to describe the socio-economic characteristics, patterns of health care access, and survival of patients diagnosed with malignant pancreatic tumors from 2000 to 2014 in São Paulo, Brazil. We included patients with malignant exocrine and non-classified pancreatic tumors according to the International Classifications of Disease (ICD)-O-2 and -O-3, diagnosed from 2000 to 2014, who were registered in the FOSP database.

Treatment approach, hospital practice patterns, and receipt of multimodality therapy as measures of quality for locally advanced gastric cancer.

Background: Adequate lymphadenectomy (AL) during surgical resection and delivery of multimodality therapy (MMT) are considered important for optimizing oncologic outcomes in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer. Both neoadjuvant and adjuvant approaches to MMT delivery are considered acceptable treatment strategies. Our goal was to evaluate the association between MMT treatment approach, hospital practice patterns, and survival and to explore whether AL and MMT might represent measures of quality for locally advanced gastric cancer.

HIGH-2-LOW risk model to predict venous thromboembolism in allogeneic transplant patients after platelet engraftment.

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is a significant treatment-associated complication, although optimal timing of thromboprophylaxis remains uncertain when weighing concurrent risks of bleeding. We aimed to derive and internally validate a risk assessment model (RAM) using patients who underwent first allogeneic HCT from 2006 through 2015 (n = 1703). Index date was defined as the 30th day after transplant, at which point we estimated >75% of patients would have achieved platelet engraftment >50 × 109/L.

Trends in the Incidence of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma in All 50 United States Examined Through an Age-Period-Cohort Analysis.

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a major contributor to cancer-related mortality in the United States. We aimed to investigate trends in incidence rates from all 50 states from 2001 to 2016, overall and by race, sex, and state and using age-period-cohort analyses.

Methods: Age-adjusted incidence rates and trends in adults aged 35 years and older were calculated using data from the US Cancer Statistics registry.

Staging Concordance and Guideline-Concordant Treatment for Esophageal Adenocarcinoma.

Background: Treatment selection for patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma is predicated on clinical staging information, which is inaccurate in 20% to 30% of cases and could impact the delivery of guideline-concordant treatment. We aimed to evaluate the association between staging concordance at the patient and hospital levels with the delivery of guideline-concordant treatment among esophageal adenocarcinoma patients.

Methods: This was a national cohort study of resected esophageal adenocarcinoma patients in the National Cancer Data Base (2006 to 2015) treated either with upfront resection or neoadjuvant therapy followed by surgery.