Scanning electron microscopy evaluation of dentin ultrastructure after surface demineralization.

Context: Knowledge about dentin microstructure is essential for execution of clinical procedures which require adhesion of materials to dentin.

Aims: To evaluate by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) the dentin ultrastructure after demineralization with 6 M and 12 M hydrochloric acid (HCl).

Subjects And Methods: Twenty dentin segments were immersed in fixative solution and dehydrated in ethanol.

Correlation between Bond Strength to Dentin and Sealers Penetration by Push-Out Test and CLSM Analysis.

This study correlated the bond strength (BS) and dentin penetration of different sealers by push-out test and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) analysis. Forty-five root canals were prepared according to the crown-down technique and filled with gutta-percha associated to the following sealers (n=15): Endofill, AH Plus and MTA Fillapex. Five canals of each group were filled with the sealers added with 0.

Effect of medicaments used in endodontic regeneration on the morphological characteristics of bovine radicular dentin: Experimental immature tooth model.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different combinations of irrigating solutions and intracanal dressings in the pretreatment of bovine radicular dentin, using an experimental immature tooth model. Eighty healthy bovine teeth, simulated with incomplete rhizogenesis, were randomly distributed according to the protocols of root canal dentin pretreatment for a regenerative endodontic procedure (n = 10): Control (irrigation with distilled water); SH (irrigation with 1.5% Sodium Hypochlorite); EDTA (irrigation with 17% EDTA); SH/EDTA (irrigation with 1.

Alternative to Avoid Tooth Discoloration after Regenerative Endodontic Procedure: A Systematic Review.

This systematic review aimed to evaluate whether alternative materials to conventional triple antibiotic paste (TAP - metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, and minocycline) and grey mineral trioxide aggregate (GMTA) could avoid tooth discoloration in teeth submitted to Regenerative Endodontic Procedure (REP). It was also investigated if dental bleaching is able to reverse the color of darkened teeth due to REP. The search was conducted in four databases (Medline via PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science and BVS - Virtual health library), following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.

Effectiveness of nanoparticles solutions and conventional endodontic irrigants against biofilm.

Context: To overcome the challenge imposed by the presence of biofilm and reach significant bacterial reduction of the root canals, many irrigants have been indicated during endodontic treatment, among them nanoparticles solutions.

Aims: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of experimental solutions containing silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO Np) and conventional endodontic irrigants against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm, in root canals.

Methods: Seventy-six extracted human teeth were biomechanically prepared and sterilized.

Incidence of Root Resorption after the Replantation of Avulsed Teeth: A Meta-analysis.

Introduction: An avulsion injury is a serious trauma to pulp and periodontal tissues. After avulsion and replantation, teeth are at risk of infection and root resorption, which may affect treatment outcome and survival rate. Thus, the purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the incidence of root resorption after the replantation of avulsed teeth.

Influence of Infected Root Dentin on the Bond Strength of a Self-adhesive Resin Cement.

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the bond strength (BS) of a self-adhesive resin cement to the contaminated root dentin.

Materials And Methods: The crown and apical third of twenty single-rooted teeth were removed. The root canals were flared and 1-mm-thick root sections were obtained.

Effects of three γ-alkylidene-γ-lactams on the formation of multispecies biofilms.

This study evaluated the inhibitory effects of lactams on Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida glabrata multispecies biofilm formation. γ-Alkylidene-γ-lactams 1, 2, and 3 [solubilized in 3.5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)] were tested.

Oxygen Saturation in the Dental Pulp of Maxillary Premolars in Different Age Groups - Part 1.

The aim of this study was to determine oxygen saturation levels in the dental pulp of maxillary premolars in different age groups. A total of 120 human maxillary premolars with normal dental pulps were selected covering the following age groups: 20-24, 25-29, 30-34, 35-39 and 40-44 years (n=24 each group). Oxygen saturation was assessed using pulse oximetry.

Oxygen Saturation in the Dental Pulp of Maxillary and Mandibular Molars - Part 2.

This study determined the oxygen saturation (SaO2) in dental pulp of healthy maxillary and mandibular molars. Mean of SaO2 was evaluated in 112 maxillary and mandibular molars using pulse oximetry. Quantitative variables were described by mean and standard deviation.

Effect of Milk Renewal on Cell Viability In Vitro at Different Time Frames.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate if the renewal of milk as a storage medium, every 12, 24 and 48 h, is able to increase its ability to maintain human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLF) viability over time. PDLF were soaked in Minimum Essential Medium at 37 °C (MEM-37) (positive control), tap water (Water) (negative control) and in skimmed milk (44 wells) at 5 °C and 20 °C. The skimmed milk was renewed every 12 h (Milk-12), 24 h (Milk-24) and 48 h (Milk-48) in 11 wells of each plate, and the milk in the remaining 11 wells of each plate was maintained in situ (not renewed milk) (NRM).

Bacterial penetration into filled root canals exposed to different pressures and to the oral environment-in vivo analysis.

Objectives: The study aims to correlate the depth of bacterial penetration into filled root canals with the time of exposure to the oral environment and different pressures.

Materials And Methods: One-hundred and twenty-two root canals of male Beagle dog teeth were prepared and filled. The root canals were distributed into three groups, according to the pressure applied: (A) no pressure, (B) 30 kPa, and (C) 60 kPa.

Crown discoloration promoted by materials used in regenerative endodontic procedures and effect of dental bleaching: spectrophotometric analysis.

Objectives: To assess tooth crown's color after intracanal treatment with triple antibiotic paste (TAP) or calcium hydroxide (CH); cervical sealing with glass ionomer cement (GIC) or mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA); and bleaching with carbamide peroxide.

Material And Methods: After pulp removal and color spectrophotometer measurement, 50 bovine incisors were divided into 4 experimental groups and one control (untreated). Experiments were performed in phases (Ph).

Effect of temperature and seven storage media on human periodontal ligament fibroblast viability.

Background/aim: Natural resources, such as coconut water, propolis, and egg whites, have been examined as possible storage media for avulsed teeth. However, there is a lack of research focused on the efficacy of these three products together compared with Hank's balanced salt solution and milk. The aim of this study was to evaluate the capacity of seven storage media to maintain the viability of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs).

Fibroblast Viability after Storage at 20 °C in Milk, Hank's Balanced Salt Solution and Coconut Water.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of various storage media at 20 °C in maintaining the viability of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPLF) over time. HPLF were maintained at 20 °C in skim milk (SM), whole milk (WM), freshly prepared Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS), Save-A-Tooth(r), natural coconut water (NCW), coconut water industrialized (ICW) and tap water (negative control) for 3, 6, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h. Cells maintained in Minimal Essential Medium (MEM-37) at 37 °C served as a positive control.

Tissue characterization following revascularization of immature dog teeth using different disinfection pastes.

Revascularization of immature teeth with necrotic pulps traditionally involves the use of triple antibiotic paste, which may sometimes lead to undesirable complications. The objective of this study was to assess tissue repair in immature dog teeth with apical periodontitis subjected to revascularization, comparing two different pastes used for root canal disinfection. Apical periodontitis was induced in 30 dog premolars.

Effectiveness of EDTA and Modified Salt Solution to Detach and Kill Cells from Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm.

Introduction: Disruption of the matrix of endodontic biofilms will aid in their removal from a root canal. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of EDTA and a modified salt solution (MSS) to detach bacteria from biofilms.

Methods: Forty-eight-hour-old Enterococcus faecalis biofilms were grown on glass coverslips and then treated for 1 hour by immersion in 17% EDTA or MSS.

Florid Cemento-osseous Dysplasia: A Case of Misdiagnosis.

Florid cemento-osseous dysplasia (FCOD) belongs to the group of fibro-osseous lesions in which normal bone is replaced by fibrous connective tissue and calcified cementum tissue of the avascular type. Among the various types of fibro-osseous lesions, FCOD is one of the most commonly encountered diseases in clinical practice and may involve 3 or 4 of the quadrants. FCOD is located in the periapical regions of teeth, and the lesions are predominantly radiolucent (osteolytic phase), become mixed over time (cementoblast phase), and ultimately become radiopaque (osteogenic phase) with a thin radiolucent peripheral halo.

A laboratory assessment of bacterial leakage in MTA apical plugs exposed to phosphate-buffered saline.

This study evaluated the influence of the exposure of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) - with and without calcium chloride (CaCl2) -to phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) on apical microleakage. Sixty root segments were divided into 4 experimental groups (n=15). Apical cavities were filled with MTA with or without CaCl2, and the root canals dressed with a moistened cotton pellet or PBS: 1) MTA/cotton pellet; 2) MTA/PBS; 3) MTA+ 10%CaCl2/cotton pellet; 4) MTA+10%CaCl2/PBS.

Histologic Analysis of the Influence of a Gelatin-based Scaffold in the Repair of Immature Dog Teeth Subjected to Regenerative Endodontic Treatment.

Introduction: Regenerative endodontic treatment is a new and promising approach to manage immature teeth with necrotic pulps and apical periodontitis. The use of scaffolds is essential to treatment success, but many materials are difficult to acquire and have a high cost. This study assessed tissue repair in immature dog teeth with necrotic pulps and apical periodontitis after using a gelatin-based scaffold (Gelfoam; Pharmacia & Upjohn Co, Kalamazoo, MI).

Oxygen Saturation in Dental Pulp of Permanent Teeth: Difference between Children/Adolescents and Adults.

Introduction: The objective of this study was to use pulse oximetry to measure oxygen saturation in permanent maxillary central incisors with normal pulp in 2 different age groups: children/adolescents and adults.

Methods: Blood oxygen saturation levels were measured using a pulse oximeter in 110 maxillary central incisors of 57 individuals, in 1 of 2 possible age bands, as follows: 28 children/adolescents (7-13 years old) and 29 adults (22-36 years old). The following factors were also analyzed: (1) heart rate (beats/min); (2) oxygen saturation rate measured at the patient's index finger, also using a pulse oximeter; (3) tooth crown dimensions; and (4) the time taken by the oximeter to provide a reading.

Effect of Ultrasonic Activation of Irrigants on Smear Layer Removal.

Introduction: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) with 17% EDTA and 1% NaOCl solutions on smear layer removal.

Methods: Root canal preparations of 32 human teeth were performed with the ProTaper system. Next, they were longitudinally fractured to permit quantitation of smear layer creation from the cervical, middle, and apical thirds of the roots by using scanning electron microscopy.

Assessment of oxygen saturation in dental pulp of permanent teeth with periodontal disease.

Introduction: In individuals with periodontal disease, dental pulp status should be determined before a treatment plan is made. Pulse oximeters are promising diagnostic tools to evaluate pulp vascularization. This study used pulse oximetry to determine the level of oxygen saturation in dental pulp of intact permanent teeth with periodontal attachment loss (PAL) and gingival recession (GR) and to evaluate the correlation between periodontal disease and level of oxygen saturation in the pulp.

Adhesive interface and bond strength of endodontic sealers to root canal dentine after immersion in phosphate-buffered saline.

This study evaluated the bond strength (BS) and the adhesive interface of four endodontic sealers to root canal dentine, before, and after immersion in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) to simulate an in vivo environment. Eighty roots were instrumented using ProTaper rotatory files, under irrigation with 17% EDTA and 1% NaOCl. Posteriorly were divided into four groups (n = 20) according to the sealer used: Endofill, AH Plus, Sealapex, and MTA Fillapex.

Oxygen saturation in the dental pulp of permanent teeth: a critical review.

Introduction: Pulse oximetry is a noninvasive method for assessing vascular health based on oxygen saturation level. The method has recently also been used to assess dental pulp vitality, but a median oxygen saturation level suggestive of normal pulp physiology has not been determined. The objective of this study was to make a critical analysis of the published research to establish the median oxygen saturation for the diagnosis of normal dental pulps in maxillary anterior permanent teeth using pulse oximetry.