Analysis of an Australian death database of people with intellectual disability living out of the family home: Place of death and associated variables.

This study reports on a five-year data set about the deaths of 599 individuals in New South Wales Australia, who at the time of their death were living in out-of-home care. Analysis aimed to: i) gain a clearer understanding of place of death for people with intellectual disability; and ii) identify and analyse associated variables to investigate how well they predict place of death for this population. Hospital admissions, polypharmacy and living situation were the strongest standalone predictors of place of death.

Modelling Radiation Cancer Treatment with a Death-Rate Term in Ordinary and Fractional Differential Equations.

Fractional calculus has recently been applied to the mathematical modelling of tumour growth, but its use introduces complexities that may not be warranted. Mathematical modelling with differential equations is a standard approach to study and predict treatment outcomes for population-level and patient-specific responses. Here, we use patient data of radiation-treated tumours to discuss the benefits and limitations of introducing fractional derivatives into three standard models of tumour growth.

The Experience of Facilitating Inclusive Research Advisory Groups With Parents and People With Intellectual Disability and/or Autism Spectrum Disorder.

There is little nursing research about process issues in conducting inclusive project advisory groups of people with autism and/or intellectual disability or those who are parents/carers of this cohort. Through a descriptive qualitative design, this article aims to analyze the processes, challenges, and solutions when facilitating these groups for a nursing project in Australia. Reflexive thematic analysis was utilized to analyze field notes and meeting minutes.

Use of Bland-Altman Analysis to Examine the Racial and Ethnic Representativeness of Study Populations in Community-Based Pediatric Health Research.

Importance: Children from marginalized racial and ethnic groups are underrepresented in health research. To improve external validity and routinize race and ethnicity reporting, a specific and standardized methodology for quantifying representativeness of participant populations is needed.

Objective: To develop a standardized method for quantifying the racial and ethnic representativeness of study samples.

Incidence and Risk Factors for Pneumonitis Associated With Checkpoint Inhibitors in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Single Center Experience.

Introduction: Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) pneumonitis causes substantial morbidity and mortality. Estimates of real-world incidence and reported risk factors vary substantially.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of 419 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who were treated with anti-PD-(L)1 with or without anti-CTLA-4 therapy.

Stranger Things: New Roles and Opportunities for Androgen Receptor in Oncology Beyond Prostate Cancer.

The androgen receptor (AR) is one of the oldest therapeutic targets in oncology and continues to dominate the treatment landscape for advanced prostate cancer, where nearly all treatment regimens include some form of AR modulation. In this regard, AR remains the central driver of prostate cancer cell biology. Emerging preclinical and clinical data implicate key roles for AR in additional cancer types, thereby expanding the importance of this drug target beyond prostate cancer.

A scoping review of registered nurses' delegating care and support to unlicenced care and support workers.

Aim: To scope the international literature about registered nurses delegated models of care to unlicenced workers, identify gaps and reflect upon how the evidence relates to nursing in multiple contexts.

Design: Scoping review of the peer reviewed literature from the year 2000 onwards, using the PRISMA-ScR checklist.

Methods: The study searched the following databases in February 2022: CINAHL, Medline, ProQuest, and SCOPUS, and included keywords, Boolean operators and subject headings relevant to registered nurses delegating the provision of care to unlicenced workers.

Identification of new resonances in downfield H MRS of human calf muscle in vivo: Potentially metabolite precursors for skeletal muscle NAD.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify and characterize newly discovered resonances appearing in the downfield proton MR spectrum (DF H MRS) of the human calf muscle in vivo at 7T.

Methods: Downfield H MRS was performed on the calf muscle of five healthy volunteers at 7T. A spectrally selective 90° E-BURP RF pulse with an excitation center frequency at 10.

High burden of rheumatic heart disease confirmed by echocardiography among Pacific adults living in New Zealand.

Background: Despite numerous echocardiographic screening studies of children in high incidence acute rheumatic fever (ARF)/rheumatic heart disease (RHD) communities, little is known about the prevalence of RHD in adults in these populations.We sought to determine the prevalence of RHD in an urban area of South Auckland, New Zealand, where previous studies had shown the prevalence of RHD in children to be around 2%.

Methods: A cross-sectional screening study was conducted between 2014 and 2016.

Associations of dietary patterns with risk of incident atrial fibrillation in the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS).

Background: We examined whether the risk of incident atrial fibrillation (AF) in a large, biracial, prospective cohort is lower in participants who adhere to heart-healthy dietary patterns and higher in participants who adhere to less heart-healthy diets.

Methods: Between 2003 and 2007, the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort study enrolled 30,239 Black and White Americans aged 45 years or older. Dietary patterns (convenience, plant-based, sweets, Southern, and alcohol and salads) and the Mediterranean diet score (MDS) were derived based on food frequency questionnaire data.

From mainstream employment to mainstream retirement: A randomised controlled trial of a transition to retirement intervention for adults with intellectual disability.

Background: We evaluated a transition to retirement intervention that adapted strategies used to support employment of people with intellectual disability in mainstream workplaces. The intervention facilitated their independent participation in mainstream community groups and volunteering.

Methods: We randomised 29 older Australians who currently/previously worked in mainstream employment into an intervention group or wait-list control group.

Performance of a Provider-Assigned Functional Outcome Score in Critically Ill Children.

Objectives: Determine agreement between Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category (PCPC) scores integrated into clinical workflow and traditional investigator-assigned scores.

Design: Longitudinal study.

Setting: A single-center quaternary-care academic institution.

Testing times for dementia: a community survey identifying contemporary barriers to risk reduction and screening.

Background: Advances in pharmacological and non-pharmacological dementia interventions may mean future dementia prevention incorporates a combination of targeted screening and lifestyle modifications. Elucidating potential barriers which may prevent community engagement with dementia prevention initiatives is important to maximise the accessibility and feasibility of these initiatives across the lifespan.

Methods: Six hundred seven adults aged over 18 years completed a 54-item, multiple-choice survey exploring contemporary attitudes towards, and barriers to, dementia risk reduction and screening relative to other common health conditions.

Changes in children's and adolescents' dietary intake after the implementation of Chile's law of food labeling, advertising and sales in schools: a longitudinal study.

Background: In June 2016, a comprehensive food policy was implemented in Chile that included front-of-package warning labels on key nutrients of concern (total sugars, added saturated fats, sodium, and calories), child-directed food advertisement bans, and school regulations. The policy was implemented in 3 phases from 2016 to 2019 and the primary objective was to improve children's food environments. This study's objective was to assess changes in child and adolescent intake of key nutrients of concern (total sugars, saturated fats, and sodium) at school after the initial implementation of Chile's Law of Food Labeling and Advertisement.

Genomic insights of evolutionary divergence and life history innovations in Antarctic brittle stars.

Understanding the drivers of evolutionary innovation provides a crucial perspective of how evolutionary processes unfold across taxa and ecological systems. It has been hypothesised that the Southern Ocean provided ecological opportunities for novelty in the past. However, the drivers of innovation are challenging to pinpoint as the evolutionary genetics of Southern Ocean fauna are influenced by Quaternary glacial-interglacial cycles, oceanic currents and species ecology.

Ixazomib for Desensitization (IXADES) in Highly Sensitized Kidney Transplant Candidates: A Phase II Clinical Trial.

Key Points: Ixazomib treatment resulted in decreases in B-cell subsets and bone marrow lymphocytes. Ixazomib treatment resulted in modest decreases in certain anti-HLA antibody specificities. Ixazomib treatment was tolerated, with modest adverse events.

The Difficulties of Grandiose Delusions: Harms, Challenges, and Implications for Treatment Engagement.

Background And Hypothesis: Grandiose delusions may entail difficult responsibilities and detrimental actions for patients. Recognition of these consequences by patients may provide an avenue for engagement in treatment. Furthermore, when patients carry out actions within the delusional system ("immersion behaviors") or spend considerable time thinking about their grandiose beliefs this may contribute to the persistence of the grandiosity and further harmful consequences.

Assumptions, uncertainty, and catastrophic/existential risk: National risk assessments need improved methods and stakeholder engagement.

Two key shortcomings of national risk assessments (NRAs) are: (1) lack of justification and transparency around important foundational assumptions of the process, (2) omission of almost all the largest scale risks. Using a demonstration set of risks, we illustrate how NRA process assumptions around time horizon, discount rate, scenario choice, and decision rule impact on risk characterization and therefore any subsequent ranking. We then identify a neglected set of large-scale risks that are seldom included in NRAs, namely global catastrophic risks and existential threats to humanity.

The Infant KIdney Dialysis and Utrafiltration (I-KID) Study: A Stepped-Wedge Cluster-Randomized Study in Infants, Comparing Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Venovenous Hemofiltration, and Newcastle Infant Dialysis Ultrafiltration System, a Novel Infant Hemodialysis Device.

Objectives: Renal replacement therapy (RRT) options are limited for small babies because of lack of available technology. We investigated the precision of ultrafiltration, biochemical clearances, clinical efficacy, outcomes, and safety profile for a novel non-Conformité Européenne-marked hemodialysis device for babies under 8 kg, the Newcastle Infant Dialysis Ultrafiltration System (NIDUS), compared with the current options of peritoneal dialysis (PD) or continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH).

Design: Nonblinded cluster-randomized cross-sectional stepped-wedge design with four periods, three sequences, and two clusters per sequence.

Training support workers about the overmedication of people with intellectual disabilities: an Australian pre-post pilot study.

Background: There is evidence that psychotropic medications are overprescribed and overused to manage behaviours of concern for people with intellectual disabilities. Disability support workers and support staff lack education and training on the administration and safety of psychotropic medication use. This study aimed to test the applicability and preliminary efficacy of SPECTROM, an education programme developed in the UK, in an Australian context.

The autophagy-NAD axis in longevity and disease.

Autophagy is an intracellular degradation pathway that recycles subcellular components to maintain metabolic homeostasis. NAD is an essential metabolite that participates in energy metabolism and serves as a substrate for a series of NAD-consuming enzymes (NADases), including PARPs and SIRTs. Declining levels of autophagic activity and NAD represent features of cellular ageing, and consequently enhancing either significantly extends health/lifespan in animals and normalises metabolic activity in cells.

Impact of the Tambora volcanic eruption of 1815 on islands and relevance to future sunlight-blocking catastrophes.

Island nations may have potential long-term survival value for humanity in global catastrophes such as sun-blocking catastrophes from nuclear winter and large magnitude volcanic eruptions. One way to explore this issue further is to understand the impact on islands after the largest historically observed volcanic eruption: that of Mt Tambora in 1815. For each of the 31 large, populated islands selected, we conducted literature searches for relevant historical and palaeoclimate studies.

Perceptions of Illicit Tobacco Sources Following a Proposed Reduction in Tobacco Availability: A Qualitative Analysis of New Zealanders Who Smoke.

Introduction: Tobacco companies claim that substantially reducing tobacco retail outlets in Aotearoa New Zealand will increase illicit tobacco trade and crime. However, we know little about whether people who smoke anticipate using illicit tobacco once this measure is implemented. Exploring current illicit tobacco use and expected market development would clarify the likely scale of this potential problem.