Opioid-related harms and experiences of care among people in justice settings in New South Wales, Australia: evidence from the National Ambulance Surveillance System.

Background: People in justice settings experience higher rates of psychiatric morbidity, including alcohol and drug use disorders, compared with the general population. However, our understanding of opioid-related harms in justice settings is limited. This study used ambulance data to examine opioid-related harms and experiences of care in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, during periods of incarceration or detention.

Rapid Parallel Adaptation in Distinct Invasions of Ambrosia Artemisiifolia Is Driven by Large-Effect Structural Variants.

When introduced to multiple distinct ranges, invasive species provide a compelling natural experiment for understanding the repeatability of adaptation. Ambrosia artemisiifolia is an invasive, noxious weed, and chief cause of hay fever. Leveraging over 400 whole-genome sequences spanning the native-range in North America and 2 invasions in Europe and Australia, we inferred demographically distinct invasion histories on each continent.

Direct, non-medical out-of-pocket expenditures for mothers of moderate or late preterm infants in a level II NICU: Comparison of Alberta Family Integrated Care versus standard care.

Objective: To compare direct, non-medical out-of-pocket expenditures (OOPE) between mothers receiving Alberta Family Integrated Care (FICare™) versus standard care (SC) during their infant's neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission and explore factors influencing spending extremes.

Methods: In this exploratory, concurrent mixed-methods sub-study, we compared mother-reported OOPE from Alberta FICare™ and SC parent journals. We thematically analyzed hand-written notes from 30 journals with the highest and lowest 5 % of OOPE.

Coronal Malalignment Is Infrequently Present in Patients With Aseptic Tibial Loosening.

Background: Coronal lower extremity malalignment and improper implant position have been described as risk factors for aseptic tibial loosening following primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, several prior studies have shown no association between alignment and implant loosening. Meanwhile, there is increasing interest in kinematic alignment.

Tenecteplase for the Treatment of Pediatric Arterial Ischemic Stroke: A Safety Surveillance Report.

Objectives: Intravenous tenecteplase (TNK) is increasingly used to treat adult patients with acute arterial ischemic stroke, but the risk profile of TNK in childhood stroke is unknown. This study aims to prospectively gather safety data regarding TNK administration in children.

Methods: Since December 2023, a monthly email survey was sent to participants recruited from the International Pediatric Stroke Study and Pediatric Neurocritical Care Research Group querying recent experience with TNK in childhood stroke.

A building block for science talk: Educational TV supports parent-child conversations during an engineering activity.

We investigated the impact of parents' open-ended questions during collaborative science activities. Specifically, we randomly assigned 116 parents (69.8% mothers; 89.

Implementation of an Anxiety Management Process in Pediatric Primary Care: An Evidence-Based Practice Quality Improvement Initiative.

Introduction: Pediatric anxiety is rapidly increasing, and in 2022, the US Preventive Services Task Force recommended universal anxiety screening using a validated tool for children 8-18 years.

Method: This evidence-based practice quality improvement initiative integrated an educational process, a validated anxiety screening tool, and a Caregiver Satisfaction Survey into all primary care wellness visits for patients aged 8-18 years.

Results: Significant increases in screening and referrals for mental healthcare were observed postinitiative implementation, especially in ages 8-11 years.

Outcomes associated with local treatment of nasal planum squamous cell carcinoma in dogs: 89 cases (2003-2020).

Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics, treatments, complications, and outcomes in dogs with nasal planum squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) undergoing local treatment.

Methods: A retrospective, multi-institutional study was performed. Medical records were searched to identify dogs diagnosed with nasal planum SCC.

Parent Perceptions of Behavior Analytic Interventions.

Unlabelled: Current trends in the general American population favor parenting strategies with a relationship-focused approach highlighting secure attachment, respecting children, parenting proactively, showing empathic leadership, and using positive discipline. However, these strategies generally have not been validated by the research literature or may be based on behavior analytic strategies without reference to their origins. Although behavior analytic strategies have been shown to be effective throughout decades of research, these approaches have acquired a negative reputation in many communities with the perception of applied behavior analysis (ABA) being cold, harsh, and robotic.

Impact of Order Set on Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency in Chronic Pancreatitis, Pancreatic Cancer, and Pancreatic Resection.

Background And Aims: Enzyme insufficiency (EPI) is common in chronic pancreatitis (CP), pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and after pancreatic resection. 40%-50% of CP patients and 70%-80% of PDAC patients develop EPI. 1/3rd of these patients are prescribed Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT), often at an inadequate dose, with evidence that this leads to increased morbidity and mortality.

Deciphering compromised speech-in-noise intelligibility in older listeners: the role of cochlear synaptopathy.

Speech intelligibility declines with age and sensorineural hearing damage (SNHL). However, it remains unclear whether cochlear synaptopathy (CS), a recently discovered form of SNHL, significantly contributes to this issue. CS refers to damaged auditory-nerve synapses that innervate the inner hair cells and there is currently no go-to diagnostic test available.

Understanding the role of perfectionism in contributing to internalizing symptoms in youth with juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

Objective: Youth with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) experience elevated rates of internalizing symptoms, although more research is required to understand this phenomenon. Perfectionism, a multidimensional personality trait that involves dimensions such as striving for flawlessness (self-oriented perfectionism) and feeling that others demand perfection (socially-prescribed perfectionism), is a well-known risk factor for internalizing symptoms that has received minimal attention in pediatric populations. Preregistered hypotheses explored the relationships between youth and parent perfectionism and symptoms of depression and anxiety in youth with JIA, as mediated by (a) youth/parent negative self-evaluations and (b) youth self-concealment.

Isolation and characterisation of a heparosan capsular polysaccharide and a core oligosaccharide from Moraxella lincolnii strain CCUG 52988.

Moraxella lincolnii is a Gram-negative bacterium that resides in the upper respiratory tract (URT) of humans and may have a role as a member of a protective microbial community. Structural characterisation studies of its outer membrane glycan structures are very limited. We report here the isolation and structural characterisation (NMR, GLC-MS) of a capsular polysaccharide (CPS) and an oligosaccharide (OS) (lipooligosaccharide (LOS)-derived) isolated from strain CCUG 52988.

Machine Learning to Detect Cervical Spine Fractures Missed by Radiologists on CT: Analysis Using Seven Award-Winning Models from the RSNA 2022 Cervical Spine Fracture AI Challenge.

Available data on radiologists' missed cervical spine fractures are based primarily on studies using human reviewers to identify errors on re-evaluation; such studies do not capture the full extent of missed fractures. To use machine-learning (ML) models to identify cervical spine fractures on CT missed by interpreting radiologists, characterize the nature of these fractures, and assess their clinical significance. This retrospective study included all cervical spine CT examinations performed in adult patients in the emergency department between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2022.

Chain Transfer Kinetics of Rhodixan A1 RAFT/MADIX Agent.

Rhodixan A1 is the trade name for -ethyl -(1-methoxycarbonylethyl)dithiocarbonate, a RAFT/MADIX agent used by Syensqo to produce block copolymer additives for aqueous formulations on an industrial scale. Chain transfer coefficients to Rhodixan A1 determined for 25 different styrenic, acrylate, and acrylamide monomers were relatively low (0.6 < C < 3.

Discrimination, Violence, Mental Health, and Substance Use by Age and Cancer History Among LGBTQ+ Individuals.

Young adult (YA) LGBTQ+ cancer survivors face inequities and unmet needs that impact their well-being. However, the impact of age and cancer among LGBTQ+ individuals have not been adequately assessed. The North Carolina LGBTQ+ Health Needs Assessment survey, conducted at local Pride events, aimed to collect data to describe the well-being of LGBTQ+ people in NC.

Comparing peer relationship ratings among adolescents with sport and non-sport related concussions.

Objective: To evaluate if peer relationship ratings differ among adolescents who sustain a sport-related concussion compared to those who sustain a non-sport-related concussion.

Study Design: We conducted a cross-sectional investigation of 123 adolescents who sustained a concussion within 21 days before their initial post-injury evaluation (mean = 9.2 ± 3.

Accountable Care Organizations, Child Opportunity Index, and Complicated Appendicitis in Children.

Introduction: Child Opportunity Index (COI) is associated with complicated appendicitis (CA) in children. Value-based care through an accountable care organization (ACO) may modify this association. We aimed to determine if enrollment in our state's ACO, Partners For Kids (PFK), modified the association between COI and CA.

Search for Fractionally Charged Particles with CUORE.

The Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events (CUORE) is a detector array comprised by 988 5  cm×5  cm×5  cm TeO_{2} crystals held below 20 mK, primarily searching for neutrinoless double-beta decay in ^{130}Te. Unprecedented in size among cryogenic calorimetric experiments, CUORE provides a promising setting for the study of exotic throughgoing particles. Using the first tonne year of CUORE's exposure, we perform a search for hypothesized fractionally charged particles (FCPs), which are well-motivated by various standard model extensions and would have suppressed interactions with matter.

Feasibility of at-Home Sleep Monitoring in Adolescents with and without Concussion.

Background: Poor sleep is associated with longer recovery following adolescent concussion, making the longitudinal assessment of sleep important for monitoring recovery and identifying sleep disruptions. An important consideration for successful monitoring of sleep following concussion is the feasibility and adherence of a given sleep monitoring tool when used in an at-home environment. Understanding the usability of different sleep monitoring tools is essential for determining their applicability for longitudinal assessment in an ecologically valid environment.

Genome-wide characterization of 54 urinary metabolites reveals molecular impact of kidney function.

Dissecting the genetic mechanisms underlying urinary metabolite concentrations can provide molecular insights into kidney function and open possibilities for causal assessment of urinary metabolites with risk factors and disease outcomes. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics provides a high-throughput means for urinary metabolite profiling, as widely applied for blood biomarker studies. Here we report a genome-wide association study meta-analysed for 3 European cohorts comprising 8,011 individuals, covering both people with type 1 diabetes and general population settings.

Pain Management in Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: Evidence-Based and Controversial Practices in 2024.

Multimodal analgesia and anesthesia have become the gold standard in total joint arthroplasty to reduce postoperative pain and opioid consumption and minimize complications associated with opioid use. There are several elements in an effective multimodal protocol, including oral medications, periarticular injection, regional nerve blocks, and spinal and general anesthesia. Many nonopioid medications are often used, such as acetaminophen and NSAIDs.

Stereotactic navigation for traumatic parafalcine subdural hematoma evacuation: illustrative cases.

Background: Parafalcine subdural hematomas (pSDHs) are a subtype of subdural hematoma (SDH) that occur most frequently in older patients after blunt trauma. The literature primarily describes two clinical courses for patients with pSDH: those who are neurologically intact with stable examinations and imaging and those with focal deficits, with or without hematoma progression. Surgical management is undoubtedly required for the latter group; however, there are no evidence-based guidelines specifically for pSDH.

Clinical Measures Associated with Subsequent Injury after Adolescent Concussion: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine associations between clinical measures (self-reported and clinician administered) and subsequent injury rates in the year after concussion return to play (RTP) among adolescent athletes.

Methods: We performed a prospective, longitudinal study of adolescents ages 13-18 yr. Each participant was initially assessed within 21 d of concussion and again within 5 d of receiving RTP clearance from their physician.