Minority stressors and tobacco use among a US sample of sexual and gender minority young adults.

Introduction: Young adults who are sexual and gender minorities (SGM) are at the highest risk for tobacco initiation in young adulthood. Minority stress theory suggests that sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI)-based discrimination may contribute to nicotine and tobacco use disparities. Our study aimed to quantify the association between SOGI-based distal minority stressors and current tobacco use among SGM young adults living in the United States (US).

Predicting breast cancer risk in a racially diverse, community-based sample of potentially high-risk women.

Background: Identifying women with high risk of breast cancer is necessary to study high-risk experiences and deliver risk-management care. Risk prediction models estimate individuals' lifetime risk but have rarely been applied in community-based settings among women not yet receiving specialized care. Therefore, we aimed: (1) to apply three breast cancer risk prediction models (i.

Daily stressors and diurnal cortisol among sexual and gender minority young adults.

Objective: Minority stress may contribute to poor health by dysregulating stress response systems, including diurnal cortisol rhythms. However, few studies have examined the association between sexual and gender minority stress and diurnal cortisol in lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals. The current investigation tested whether the daily experience of minority stressors is uniquely related to diurnal cortisol above and beyond general stressors.

Cognitive behavioral therapy, mindfulness, and cortisol habituation: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis dysregulation is associated with disease and may be indexed by poor cortisol habituation (i.e., a failure to show decreased responding with repeated stressor exposure).

An Examination of Demographic and Psychosocial Factors, Barriers to Healthy Eating, and Diet Quality Among African American Adults.

A healthy diet is associated with lower risk of chronic disease. African Americans generally have poor diet quality and experience a higher burden of many chronic diseases. We examined the associations of demographic and psychosocial factors and barriers to diet quality among African American adults.

Physical Activity Among Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: To examine the proportion of Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander (NHPI) meeting recommended physical activity guidelines for Americans (PAG) and determine differences in physical activity (PA) by sex and between NHPI and Asians when data are disaggregated.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Setting: Articles identified in CINAHL, The Cochrane Library, Embase, PsychINFO, PubMed, Scopus, SocINDEX, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science.

When Family Matters Most: A Test of the Association Between Sexual Minority Identity Disclosure Context and Diurnal Cortisol in Sexual Minority Young Adults.

Objective: Revealing one's sexual identity to others is a complex process marked by a shift in the types of stressors faced by sexual minority young adults. Such stressors influence the secretion of health-relevant hormones, including cortisol, yet how dimensions of disclosure (i.e.

Trait Rumination Predicts Elevated Evening Cortisol in Sexual and Gender Minority Young Adults.

Stress may contribute to illness through the impaired recovery or sustained activity of stress-responsive biological systems. Rumination, or mental rehearsal of past stressors, may alter the body's stress-responsive systems by amplifying and prolonging exposure to physiological mediators, such as cortisol. The primary aim of the current investigation was to test the extent to which the tendency to ruminate on stress predicts diminished diurnal cortisol recovery (i.

Buccal telomere length and its associations with cortisol, heart rate variability, heart rate, and blood pressure responses to an acute social evaluative stressor in college students.

Objective: Understanding the relationship between stress and telomere length (a marker of cellular aging) is of great interest for reducing aging-related disease and death. One important aspect of acute stress exposure that may underlie detrimental effects on health is physiological reactivity to the stressor.

Methods: This study tested the relationship between buccal telomere length and physiological reactivity (salivary cortisol reactivity and total output, heart rate (HR) variability, blood pressure, and HR) to an acute psychosocial stressor in a sample of 77 (53% male) healthy young adults.

Stress-Induced Parasympathetic Control and Its Association With Inflammatory Reactivity.

Objective: It has been proposed that the inflammatory cytokine system is regulated through the vagus nerve, where vagal activation inhibits release of inflammatory cytokines and, therefore, inflammation. Thus, loss of vagal activation (i.e.

Communication and Stress: Effects of Hope Evocation and Rumination Messages on Heart Rate, Anxiety, and Emotions After a Stressor.

How we cope with the many stressors that we encounter throughout our lives has implications for our well-being. By affecting how individuals appraise stressful events, communication can prolong or ameliorate physiological and emotional responses to stress. This study investigated the short-term effects of hope-inducing and rumination-inducing messages on heart rate, state anxiety, and emotions after a standardized, social-evaluative stressor.

Trait reflection predicts interleukin-6 response to a social-evaluative stressor.

Past work has linked negative repetitive thought (worry, rumination) about stressors to sustained stress responses. Less is known about the effects of neutral types of repetitive thought (e.g.

Sources of Discrimination and Their Associations With Health in Sexual Minority Adults.

Health disparities exist between sexual minorities and heterosexuals. These health disparities may be due to stressful social situations and environments that are created by discrimination. The current study recruited 277 sexual minorities to complete an online survey to examine the effects of discrimination on health.

Trait rumination moderates the effect of mentation type on heart rate responses to stressor recall.

Ruminative thought about stressors has been linked to extended post-stressor cardiovascular activation, which in turn predicts negative long-term health outcomes. Past work indicates that the nature of thought (mental imagery or verbal thought) may shape cardiovascular responses. Some evidence suggests that individuals with rumination tendencies may be especially vulnerable to stress-related cardiovascular activation, although it is unclear to what extent type of thought (imagery or verbal thought) influences this relationship.

Cardiovascular and affective consequences of ruminating on a performance stressor depend on mode of thought.

Psychological detachment from work is important for facilitating recovery. This can be threatened by rumination, or thinking about the day's stressors. Rumination may lead to distress, fatigue and extended activation of stress-related systems, but findings are not unequivocal.

Differential effects of poststressor rumination and distraction on cortisol and C-reactive protein.

Objective: Stress-related physiological activation may last longer for those who ruminate, or dwell, on past stressors. Correlational and quasi-experimental research has linked rumination to immune activity and elevated cortisol. This study's aim was to experimentally test whether rumination (relative to distraction) can sustain stress-induced increases in inflammation and cortisol.