"If I am alive, I am happy": Defining quality of care from the perspectives of key maternal and newborn health stakeholders in Papua New Guinea.

Quality maternal and newborn healthcare is essential to improve experiences and health outcomes for mothers and babies. In many low to middle income countries, such as Papua New Guinea, there are initiatives to increase antenatal care attendance and facility births. To develop and implement initiatives that are appropriate, relevant, and contextualised to a community, it is important to understand how quality of care is perceived and defined by different maternal and newborn healthcare stakeholders.

Mapping nutrition within medical curricula in Australia and New Zealand: a cross-sectional content analysis.

Objective: To systematically map nutrition content in medical curricula across all 23 medical schools in Australia and New Zealand accredited by the Australian Medical Council (AMC).

Methods: A cross-sectional content analysis was conducted. Learning outcomes for 20 AMC-accredited medical curricula were extracted from online repositories and directly from universities in February to April 2021.

Abortion care at 20 weeks and over in Victoria: a thematic analysis of healthcare providers' experiences.

Background: In many countries, abortions at 20 weeks and over for indications other than fetal or maternal medicine are difficult to access due to legal restrictions and limited availability of services. The Abortion and Contraception Service at the Royal Women's Hospital in Victoria, Australia is the only service in the state that provides this service. The views and experiences of these abortion providers can give insight into the experiences of staff and women and the abortion system accessibility.

From Biomass to Fuel Blendstocks via Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis and Hydrotreating: An Evaluation of Carbon Efficiency and Fuel Properties for Three Pathways.

Biomass was upgraded to fuel blendstocks via catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) followed by hydrotreating using three approaches: ex situ CFP with a zeolite catalyst (HZSM-5), ex situ CFP with a hydrodeoxygenation catalyst (Pt/TiO) and cofed hydrogen, and in situ CFP with a low-cost mixed metal oxide catalyst (red mud). Each approach was evaluated using a common pine feedstock and the same hydrotreating procedure. The oxygen contents in the CFP oils ranged from 17 to 28 wt % on a dry basis, and the carbon efficiencies for the CFP processes were in the range of 28-38%.

PolyID: Artificial Intelligence for Discovering Performance-Advantaged and Sustainable Polymers.

A necessary transformation for a sustainable economy is the transition from fossil-derived plastics to polymers derived from biomass and waste resources. While renewable feedstocks can enhance material performance through unique chemical moieties, probing the vast material design space by experiment alone is not practically feasible. Here, we develop a machine-learning-based tool, PolyID, to reduce the design space of renewable feedstocks to enable efficient discovery of performance-advantaged, biobased polymers.

Depression, Anxiety, Energy, and Fatigue Among Nurses Who Cared for Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Nurses around the world have faced challenges during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study examined the association between depression and anxiety and trait energy and trait fatigue, and baseline health status and work characteristics. A cross-sectional study.

Estimation of number of unmanned aerial vehicles in a scene utilizing acoustic signatures and machine learning.

With the exponential growth in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based applications, there is a need to ensure safe and secure operations. From a security perspective, detecting and localizing intruder UAVs is still a challenge. It is even more challenging to accurately estimate the number of intruder UAVs on the scene.

Portable digital devices for paediatric height and length measurement: A scoping review and target product profile matching analysis.

Background: Routine anthropometry of children, including length/height measurement, is an essential component of paediatric clinical assessments. UNICEF has called for the accelerated development of novel, digital height/length measurement devices to improve child nutrition and growth surveillance programs. This scoping review aimed to identify all digital, portable height/length measurement devices in the literature or otherwise available internationally.

Community perspectives and experiences of quality maternal and newborn care in East New Britain, Papua New Guinea.

Background: Quality maternal and newborn care is essential for improving the health of mothers and babies. Low- and middle-income countries, such as Papua New Guinea (PNG), face many barriers to achieving quality care for all. Efforts to improve the quality of maternal and newborn care must involve community in the design, implementation, and evaluation of initiatives to ensure that interventions are appropriate and relevant for the target community.

Self-care interventions for preconception, antenatal, intrapartum and postpartum care: a scoping review.

Objective: To identify current and emerging self-care interventions to improve maternity healthcare.

Design: Scoping review.

Data Sources: MEDLINE, Embase, EmCare, PsycINFO, Cochrane CENTRAL/CDSR, CINAHL Plus (last searched on 17 October 2021).

Challenges of being a maternity service leader during the COVID-19 pandemic: a descriptive analysis of the journey.

Background: In Australia, maternity care services provide care for pregnant and postpartum women and their newborns. The COVID-19 pandemic forced these services to quickly adapt and develop policies and procedures for dealing with transmission in health care facilities, as well as work under public health measures to counter its spread within the community. Despite well-documented responses and adaptations by healthcare systems, no studies have examined the experiences of maternity service leaders through the pandemic.

Midwifery continuity of care: A scoping review of where, how, by whom and for whom?

Systems of care that provide midwifery care and services through a continuity of care model have positive health outcomes for women and newborns. We conducted a scoping review to understand the global implementation of these models, asking the questions: where, how, by whom and for whom are midwifery continuity of care models implemented? Using a scoping review framework, we searched electronic and grey literature databases for reports in any language between January 2012 and January 2022, which described current and recent trials, implementation or scaling-up of midwifery continuity of care studies or initiatives in high-, middle- and low-income countries. After screening, 175 reports were included, the majority (157, 90%) from high-income countries (HICs) and fewer (18, 10%) from low- to middle-income countries (LMICs).

Strategies to reduce stigma and discrimination in sexual and reproductive healthcare settings: A mixed-methods systematic review.

Stigma and discrimination are fundamental causes of health inequities, and reflect privilege, power, and disadvantage within society. Experiences and impacts of stigma and discrimination are well-documented, but a critical gap remains on effective strategies to reduce stigma and discrimination in sexual and reproductive healthcare settings. We aimed to address this gap by conducting a mixed-methods systematic review and narrative synthesis to describe strategy types and characteristics, assess effectiveness, and synthesize key stakeholder experiences.

Partnership-defined quality approach to companionship during labour and birth in East New Britain, Papua New Guinea: A mixed-methods study.

Companionship during labour and birth is a critical component of quality maternal and newborn care, resulting in improved care experiences and better birth outcomes. Little is known about the preferences and experiences of companionship in Papua New Guinea (PNG), and how it can be implemented in a culturally appropriate way. The aim of this study was to describe perspectives and experiences of women, their partners and health providers regarding labour and birth companionship, identify enablers and barriers and develop a framework for implementing this intervention in PNG health facilities.

Low knowledge of newborn danger signs among pregnant women in Papua New Guinea and implications for health seeking behaviour in early infancy - findings from a longitudinal study.

Background: Globally, 2.5 million babies die in the first 28 days of life each year with most of these deaths occurring in low- and middle-income countries. Early recognition of newborn danger signs is important in prompting timely care seeking behaviour.

Multicountry study protocol of COCOON: COntinuing Care in COVID-19 Outbreak global survey of New, expectant, and bereaved parent experiences.

Introduction: Globally, the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly disrupted the provision of healthcare and efficiency of healthcare systems and is likely to have profound implications for pregnant and postpartum women and their families including those who experience the tragedy of stillbirth or neonatal death. This study aims to understand the psychosocial impact of COVID-19 and the experiences of parents who have accessed maternity, neonatal and bereavement care services during this time.

Methods And Analysis: An international, cross-sectional, online and/or telephone-based/face-to-face survey is being administered across 15 countries and available in 11 languages.

Radiofrequency ablation prior to total knee arthroplasty does not improve post-surgical pain or recovery: a double-blinded, multi-center, randomized clinical trial.

Background: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) targeting the genicular nerves is an effective treatment for knee pain due to osteoarthritis. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of two RFA interventions delivered preoperatively on early postoperative pain management and subjective outcomes after total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Methods: One hundred forty-three participants were enrolled in this double blinded, sham-controlled prospective randomized trial.

"Tell us what's going on": Exploring the information needs of pregnant and post-partum women in Australia during the pandemic with 'Tweets', 'Threads', and women's views.

Introduction: The provision of maternity services in Australia has been significantly disrupted in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Many changes were initiated quickly, often with rapid dissemination of information to women. The aim of this study was to better understand what information and messages were circulating regarding COVID-19 and pregnancy in Australia and potential information gaps.

Alveolar macrophage metabolic programming via a C-type lectin receptor protects against lipo-toxicity and cell death.

Alveolar macrophages (AM) hold lung homeostasis intact. In addition to the defense against inhaled pathogens and deleterious inflammation, AM also maintain pulmonary surfactant homeostasis, a vital lung function that prevents pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. Signals transmitted between AM and pneumocytes of the pulmonary niche coordinate these specialized functions.

Encouraging Mental Health Care in Family Medicine Residents.

Introduction: Residency training is associated with stress and burnout that can contribute to poor mental health. However, residents are less likely to utilize mental health services due to perceived barriers such as lack of time and concerns about confidentiality, among others.1 There is a need to promote help-seeking behavior and improve access to mental health services during residency training.

Exclusive breastfeeding and women's psychological well-being during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic in Italy.

Background: At the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, support for breastfeeding was disrupted in many countries. Italy was severely impacted by the pandemic and is known to have the lowest exclusive breastfeeding rate of all European countries. Considering the inverse association between anxiety and breastfeeding, maternal concerns about the COVID-19 emergency could reduce breastfeeding rates.

'What do doctors think they need to know about nutrition?'-a qualitative study of doctors with formal nutrition training.

Background: Doctors are on the frontline of patient care and in an ideal position to provide nutritional advice, yet can feel ill-equipped to do so. The aim of this study was to explore the nutrition knowledge, skills and practice required for nutrition-competent medical graduates, and their role in providing nutrition advice and care, from the perspective of doctors with formal nutrition training.

Methodology: We conducted an exploratory qualitative research study.

Are Australian junior doctors failing to act as health advocates? A qualitative analysis.

Objective: To explore junior doctors' attitudes towards and experiences of health advocacy practice and teaching in Australia.

Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 junior doctors across Australia. Data were thematically analysed.

Quality newborn care in East New Britain, Papua New Guinea: measuring early newborn care practices and identifying opportunities for improvement.

Background: Renewed attention and investment is needed to improve the quality of care during the early newborn period to address preventable newborn deaths and stillbirths in Papua New Guinea (PNG). We aimed to assess early newborn care practices and identify opportunities for improvement in one province (East New Britain) in PNG.

Methods: A mixed-methods study was undertaken in five rural health facilities in the province using a combination of facility audits, labour observations and qualitative interviews with women and maternity providers.