Current and Future Climate Extremes Over Latin America and Caribbean: Assessing Earth System Models from High Resolution Model Intercomparison Project (HighResMIP).

Unlabelled: Extreme temperature and precipitation events are the primary triggers of hazards, such as heat waves, droughts, floods, and landslides, with localized impacts. In this sense, the finer grids of Earth System models (ESMs) could play an essential role in better estimating extreme climate events. The performance of High Resolution Model Intercomparison Project (HighResMIP) models is evaluated using the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI) over the 1981-2014 period and future changes (2021-2050) under Shared Socioeconomic Pathway SSP5-8.

Techniques for monthly rainfall regionalization in southwestern Colombia.

The knowledge of rainfall regimes is a relevant requirement for many activities such as water resources planning, risk management, agriculture activities management, and other hydrologic applications. The present study has consisted of validating four techniques (one linear, one non-linear, and two hybrids) that allow identifying homogenous regions. We take the monthly rainfall in the Southwestern Colombia (Nariño), an area of 33,268 km2 characterized by complex topography and local factors that can influence the rainfall behavior, to test all techniques.

Increase in the number of explosive low‒level cyclones around King George Island in the last three decades.

This paper documents an increase in the number of observed explosive cyclones (EC) at King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, over the 1989‒2020 period. In ECs at 60o latitudes the surface atmospheric pressure drops ≥24 hPA in 24 hours. The annual EC frequency time series shows a significant positive trend of ~2.

Missing data estimation in extreme rainfall indices for the Metropolitan area of Cali - Colombia: An approach based on artificial neural networks.

Changes observed in the current climate and projected for the future significantly concern researchers, decision-makers, and the general public. Climate indices of extreme rainfall events are a trend assessment tool to detect climate variability and change signals, which have an average reliability at least in the short term and given climatic inertia. This paper shows 12 climate indices of extreme rainfall events for annual and seasonal scales for 12 climate stations between 1969 to 2019 in the Metropolitan area of Cali (southwestern Colombia).

Comparison of spatial interpolation methods for annual and seasonal rainfall in two hotspots of biodiversity in South America.

The Colombian Biogeographic Choco (CBC) and the La Plata Basin (LPB) are regions with high biodiversity. However, these areas are characterized by scarce climatological information, complex orography, and rain-gauge network unevenly distributed. Interpolated data from the ground station might overcome these aspects.