Comprehensive analysis of orofacial motor skills in children with obstructive sleep apnea.

Background: The neuromuscular activity has a critical role in the permeability of the upper airways.

Objective: The present study aimed to conduct a detailed and comparative investigation of the orofacial musculature and motor skills of children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Materials And Methods: Children aged 7 to 12 years with OSA (OSA group, n = 12) and without OSA (Control group, n = 12) were compared.

Development and validation of the MultiScent-20 digital odour identification test using item response theory.

Although validated and reliable psychophysical tests of olfactory function are available, an easy-to-use and feasible test has yet to be developed. This study aimed to design a digital odour identification test, evaluate its validity, assess its reliability, establish a normative curve, and explore the impact of demographic factors. The odour identification test was presented with the Multiscent-20, a hand-held, tablet-like digital scent device that features an integrated odour digital delivery system.

Exploring the impact of inflammatory endotypes on olfactory function and quality of life in chronic rhinosinusitis patients.

Objectives: The aim of this observational cross-sectional study was to determine the endotypic inflammatory pattern of a sample of patients with CRS in Brazil, correlate it with olfactory function, and evaluate the clinical severity of the disease.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 73 CRS patients were recruited. Patients were classified into type 2 and non-type 2 endotypic patterns based on IgE and eosinophilia levels.

Tonsils are major sites of persistence of SARS-CoV-2 in children.

In the present study, we show that SARS-CoV-2 can infect palatine tonsils, adenoids, and secretions in children without symptoms of COVID-19, with no history of recent upper airway infection. We studied 48 children undergoing tonsillectomy due to snoring/OSA or recurrent tonsillitis between October 2020 and September 2021. Nasal cytobrushes, nasal washes, and tonsillar tissue fragments obtained at surgery were tested by RT-qPCR, immunohistochemistry (IHC), flow cytometry, and neutralization assay.

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps does not harbor KRAS, BRAF, and EGFR mutations.

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis is a chronic inflammation of the nasal mucosa and nasal polyps are present in ~25%-30% of cases (chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps [CRSwNP]). CRSwNP is associated with significant morbidity and decreased quality of life, making it clinically important. Inflammation leads to DNA damage and DNA mutations occur in some inflammatory diseases.

Acquisition of endoscopic nasal surgery skills with a lamb's head model.

Objectives: To evaluate the acquisition of surgical skills by otolaryngology residents and established the minimum number of dissections of a lamb's model to be performed before practicing on human patients.

Methods: Nineteen second-year otolaryngology residents performed ten dissections each, five on each nasal cavity, always practicing the same three surgical procedures on the lamb model. Each student's training lasted 2-months, and the entire training intervention lasted 4-years, over four generations of residents.

The digital scent device as a new concept for olfactory assessment.

Background: There are major challenges in olfactory measurements in clinical practice; therefore, a handheld digital scent device (DSD; Noar MultiScent 20) was developed as a tablet with an integrated storage system for odors. The DSD is a self-administered, handheld device that controls the duration of odor release to the nasal cavity through a touchscreen digital interface with automatic database generation. In this study we aimed to determine the feasibility of this DSD as an olfactory assessment test.

Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the pediatric sleep questionnaire (PSQ*) into Brazilian Portuguese.

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea is a frequent entity in childhood that can lead to important consequences for the health and children's quality of live. Polysomnography is the gold-standard exam to diagnose obstructive sleep apnea, but it is expensive, complex, and poorly affordable in Brazil. The pediatric sleep questionnaire has shown to be a valuable screening test for obstructive sleep apnea.

Biodegradable Electrospun Nanofibers: A New Approach For Rhinosinusitis Treatment.

Biodegradable polymeric nanofibers containing mometasone furoate can be a new approach to drug delivery to treat chronic rhinosinusitis, providing controlled steroid delivery to the sinonasal mucosa. This study aimed to develop biodegradable polymeric nanofibers and explore the safety of these fibers in an in vivo rabbit model. The nanofibers' development has been optimized using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) obtained with Design of Experiments (DoE) with the best conditions related to the polymer concentration and proportion of solvents used in the electrospinning process.

International consensus statement on allergy and rhinology: rhinosinusitis 2021.

Unlabelled: I.

Executive Summary: BACKGROUND: The 5 years since the publication of the first International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR-RS) has witnessed foundational progress in our understanding and treatment of rhinologic disease. These advances are reflected within the more than 40 new topics covered within the ICAR-RS-2021 as well as updates to the original 140 topics.

Asthma Is the Dominant Factor for Recurrence in Chronic Rhinosinusitis.

Background: Factors associated with recurrence of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) are still poorly recognized.

Objective: To evaluate which risk factors could influence the risk of recurrence among patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery in long-term follow-up.

Methods: Patients with CRS who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery were followed for an average period of 12 years in a nonconcurrent cohort.

Human adenovirus replication and persistence in hypertrophic adenoids and palatine tonsils in children.

The role of human adenovirus (HAdV) infection in different acute diseases, such as febrile exudative tonsillitis, conjunctivitis, and pharyngoconjunctival fever is well established. However, the relationships, if any, of HAdV persistence and reactivation in the development of the chronic adenotonsillar disease is not fully understood. The present paper reports a 3-year cross-sectional hospital-based study aimed at detecting and quantifying HAdV DNA and mRNA of the HAdV hexon gene in adenoid and palatine tonsil tissues and nasopharyngeal secretions (NPS) from patients with adenotonsillar hypertrophy or recurrent adenotonsillitis.

First Clinical Consensus and National Recommendations on Tracheostomized Children of the Brazilian Academy of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology (ABOPe) and Brazilian Society of Pediatrics (SBP).

Introduction: Tracheostomy is a procedure that can be performed in any age group, including children under 1year of age. Unfortunately health professionals in Brazil have great difficulty dealing with this condition due to the lack of standard care orientation.

Objective: This clinical consensus by Academia Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia Pediátrica (ABOPe) and Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria (SBP) aims to generate national recommendations on the care concerning tracheostomized children.

A feasible, low-cost, reproducible lamb's head model for endoscopic sinus surgery training.

Objective: To describe and standardize a reproducible, viable, low-cost lamb's head model for endoscopic sinus surgery training.

Methods: Otorhinolaryngology residents performed the following three endoscopic sinus surgeries using the lamb's head model: inferior turbinectomy, bullectomy, and maxillary antrostomy. Each student dissected 10 specimens before training these procedures on human patients, and the benefit of the animal model training was evaluated.

Polymorphisms in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps - a systematic review.

Introduction: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps is a multifactorial disease with a complex pathophysiology involving multiple genetic and environmental factors.

Objective: The purpose of this work review is to focus on the importance of genetic studies in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps besides the several barriers that exists for its understanding.

Methods: A systematic review on studies of association between single nucleotide polymorphisms and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps based on a PubMed/Medline and Periódicos CAPES search of all articles published between January 2005 and January 2015 was made.

Respiratory DNA viruses are undetectable in nasopharyngeal secretions from adenotonsillectomized children.

Respiratory viruses are frequently detected in association with chronic tonsillar hypertrophy in the absence of symptoms of acute respiratory infection (ARI). The present analysis was done in follow-up to a previous clinical study done by this same group. Nasopharyngeal washes (NPWs) were obtained from 83 of 120 individuals at variable times post adenotonsillectomy, in the absence of ARI symptoms.

Orofacial motor functions in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea and implications for myofunctional therapy.

Objectives: The purposes of this study were (1) to identify possible differences in muscular and orofacial functions between children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and with primary snoring (PS); (2) to examine the standardized difference between normal values of myofunctional scores and those of subjects with OSA or PS; and (3) to identify the features associated with OSA.

Methods: Participants were 39 children (mean age 8 ± 1.2 years) of which, 27 had a diagnosis of OSA and 12 had PS.

Relation between chronic rhinosinusitis and gastroesophageal reflux in adults: systematic review.

Introduction: The relationship between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is still a controversial issue in literature.

Objective: A systematic review of the association between these two diseases in adult patients.

Methods: Systematic review in PubMed and Cochrane Database with articles published between 1951 and 2015.

The role of aspirin desensitization in patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD).

Introduction: Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) consists of a classic tetrad: moderate/severe asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis, nasal polyps, and intolerance to aspirin or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Clinical control with drugs, surgery, and desensitization are treatment options.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of aspirin desensitization in patients with AERD.

ANALYSIS OF OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY, ORTHOPEDICS AND THORACIC SURGERY JOURNALS.

Objectives: To perform an extensive analysis of journals in Medicine III - CAPES, and specifically those in the areas of Otorhinolaryngology, Orthopedics and Traumatology and Chest Surgery.

Method: An active search for the impact factors in the Journal Citation Reports, Scimago, their indexation in Scielo, Lilacs, Scopus and Google Scholar, and their stratification in WebQualis was done.

Results: Forty-four journals with measured impact factors ranging from 3.

EVALUATION OF POSTGRADUATES STRICTO SENSU: MONITORING POLICY FOR INTERNATIONAL GRADUATES.

Objective: Search for references in relationship to international alumni on the website of the postgraduate programs of all postgraduate courses at Ribeirão Preto Medical School - FMRP.

Methods: Verify with more attention to the ones with 5, 6 and 7 notes, and also the same search on the website of courses with notes 5, 6 and 7 of CAPES - Medicine III.

Results: Of the 22 programs of FMRP only three had any information on the site about the destiny of the postgraduates; they were: Surgical Clinics, Genetics, and Basic and Applied Immunology.