Production improves recognition and reduces intrusions in between-subject designs: An updated meta-analysis.

The production effect refers to the finding that words read aloud are better remembered than those read silently. This pattern has most often been explained as arising from the incorporation of sensorimotor elements into the item representation at study, which could then be used to guide performance at later test. This theoretical framework views aloud items as being distinctive in relation to silent items, and thus the effect was thought to emerge only when production was manipulated within-subjects.

The value of European exchange programs for early career family doctors.

The Hippokrates Exchange programme (HEP) is designed to give early career General Practitioners (Associates in Training (AITs)/First5s) first-hand experience into concepts of a primary healthcare system outside of their host country. The aim is to improve GP knowledge and skills, inspire professional development and promote a global approach to primary care. Although an increasing number are taking up this opportunity, their views and experiences of international exchanges are not well described.

Should we involve terminally ill patients in teaching medical students? A systematic review of patient's views.

Objective: To review available published research that has explored how terminally ill patients feel about being involved in undergraduate medical teaching.

Methods: A systematic review using narrative synthesis. Qualitative or quantitative publications were included if they directly explored the views of adult patients, with a terminal diagnosis, about their involvement in undergraduate clinical teaching.

GP speciality trainees' knowledge, attitude and practice regarding risks associated with common radiological investigations.

Background: Thirty-eight million radiological or radio-diagnostic tests were undertaken in England between August 2010 and August 2011. A systematic review of studies based in secondary care reports that risk is rarely discussed with patients undergoing radiological investigations and only a minority of hospital doctors are well informed about the dose and risk associated with common radiological procedures. There is little available evidence on knowledge, attitudes and practice of radiological risk in a primary care setting.

Resuscitation on television: realistic or ridiculous? A quantitative observational analysis of the portrayal of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in television medical drama.

Introduction: Patients' preferences for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) relate to their perception about the likelihood of success of the procedure. There is evidence that the lay public largely base their perceptions about CPR on their experience of the portrayal of CPR in the media. The medical profession has generally been critical of the portrayal of CPR on medical drama programmes although there is no recent evidence to support such views.