Health Impact of Racism-Based Experiences Among Black African Immigrant Adults in the United States: An Integrative Review.

Racism-based experiences among Black African immigrants in the United States are a growing concern due to the prevalence of these events and risk for negative health (mental, behavioral, and physical) outcomes. This integrative review appraised published studies (2012-2023) addressing the relationship between racism-based experiences and adverse health for Black African immigrants. Articles were identified using structured search terms in several databases (APA PsycINFO, CINAHL, PubMed, Web of Science), Google Scholar, and citation mining.

A comparison of the performance of the Braden Q and the Glamorgan paediatric pressure ulcer risk assessment scales in general and intensive care paediatric and neonatal units.

Aims: To compare the predictive ability of two risk assessment scales used in children.

Background: There are several risk assessment scales (RASs) employed in paediatric settings but most have been modified from adult scales such as the Braden Q whereas the Glamorgan was an example of a scale designed for children.

Methods: Using incidence data from 513 paediatric hospital admissions, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was employed to compare the two scales.

Using a national guideline to prevent and manage pressure ulcers.

Developing pressure ulcers is a painful and distressing event for patients, and one that can be prevented. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence pressure ulcer guideline has recently been updated to cover the prevention and management of this condition. This article focuses on the recommendations that are relevant to nurses, covering areas such as risk assessment, skin assessment, repositioning, pressure-redistributing devices, dressings, patient and carer information, and training and education.

Negotiating parental accountability in the face of uncertainty for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Despite extensive research into attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), parents' constructions of their children's behaviors have received limited attention. This is particularly true outside North American contexts, where ADHD is less established historically. Our research demonstrates how United Kingdom parents made sense of ADHD and their own identities postdiagnosis.

Interrater reliability of the Glamorgan scale: overt and covert data.

Unlabelled: The Glamorgan Paediatric Pressure Ulcer Risk Assessment Scale (Glamorgan scale) had been developed using statistical analysis of patient data. The aim of this study was to assess the reliability of the Glamorgan scale using overt and covert methods.

Method: For the overt data collection, randomly selected trained nursing staff were invited to participate.

A comparison of Braden Q, Garvin and Glamorgan risk assessment scales in paediatrics.

Aims And Objectives: To compare three risk assessment scales with respect to predictive validity

Background: In paediatrics there are several competing scales and at least ten published paediatric pressure ulcer risk assessment scales have been identified. However there are few studies exploring the validity of such scales, and none identified that compares paediatric risk assessment scales.

Design: Cross sectional study

Methods: Three risk assessment scales, Braden Q, Garvin and Glamorgan, were compared.

The development of the Glamorgan paediatric pressure ulcer risk assessment scale.

Objective: To develop a predictive pressure ulcer risk assessment scale based on patient data.

Method: Detailed questionnaires, based on a review of the paediatric and adult literature and discussion with paediatric nurses with expertise in this area, were used to obtain data on patient characteristics from 265 inpatients in a children's hospital and 54 children with pressure ulcers and 17 children without pressure ulcers from 11 hospitals. These data were then combined to compare the characteristics of children with and without pressure ulcers (using the chi-square test).

Inter-rater reliability of Glamorgan Paediatric Pressure Ulcer Risk Assessment Scale.

Unlabelled: Children who are at risk of pressure ulcers need to be identified so that preventative measures can be taken. Most paediatric pressure ulcer risk assessment scales were developed using clinical experience, or by modifying adult scales. The Glamorgan Paediatric Pressure Ulcer Risk Assessment Scale was developed using detailed paediatric inpatient data.

"You can't fight windmills": how older men do health, ill health, and masculinities.

Many health researchers have reported higher mortality and morbidity rates for men than for women. Various writers have argued that such differences reflect men's delay in seeking help when required and that reluctance to seek help reflects prevailing constructions of hegemonic masculinity. The authors report findings from an interview study of 12 older men's understandings of health and ill health.

Multicentre research: lessons from the field.

Multicentre research can be used to explore and generate significant data in aspects of care that affect small numbers of children. This article describes the problems and benefits encountered by a group of nurses from 11 hospitals undertaking a multicentre study of pressure ulcers in children and young people in England and Wales. Multicentre research can generate a large amount of useful data contributing to high quality evidence-based care and can provide nurses with a valuable learning and networking experience.

Identifying the characteristics of children with pressure ulcers.

Aim: To identify the characteristics of children with pressure ulceration so that those at risk may be identified in future.

Method: A multicentre survey was undertaken in 11 hospitals to ascertain the incidence, severity and position of pressure ulcers in paediatric inpatients.

Results: The most frequently reported ulcer grade involved blistering of the skin or a superficial skin break.

Evaluation of a service development to increase detection of urinary tract infections in children.

Rationale, Aims And Objectives: It is suspected that childhood urinary tract infection (UTI) remains under-diagnosed in primary care, and is consequently the cause of subsequent morbidity from renal scarring, hypertension and eventual renal failure. Practice-based education and service developments were undertaken to try to improve the detection of childhood UTI.

Methods: A controlled before-and-after intervention study was conducted.

Women's experiences of student presence in consultations for problematic uterine bleeding.

Research suggests that although a high proportion of patients accept the presence of students in gynaecological consultations, issues of consent, privacy and comfort are important. This study considers women's views on the impact of student presence on communication in the consultation. Our research suggests that student presence may distort the flow of communication in the gynaecological consultation.

Peripheral venepuncture in infants and children.

Venepuncture can be a painful and frightening experience for children. Nurses play an active role in helping them to cope with this experience and in reducing the adverse effects of venepuncture. This article explains how infants, children and their families can be supported and cared for before, during and after venepuncture.

Pressure ulcers in infants and children.

Although there is no agreement about the size of the problem, there is evidence that critically ill children are more at risk of pressure ulcers than the general paediatric population. In addition to tissue damage associated with immobility, equipment and objects pressing or rubbing on the child's skin have also been implicated in the development of pressure ulcers. To prevent disfiguring and potentially life-threatening pressure ulcers, it is important that risk factors are identified and minimised.

Pressure sores in children--the acute hospital perspective.

There is very little published literature on pressure sores in children and most of the existing literature is qualitative. Using literature from paediatric and adult studies, a schedule was designed to collect quantitative data on aspects that may predispose children to pressure injury. The schedule was piloted in an incidence and a prevalence study at the Royal Liverpool Children's NHS Trust.

Involving families in the production of patient information literature.

Many information booklets are written by health-care staff and may not address patients' needs. Collaboration between patients and staff in the production of patient information can improve patient understanding and empower the patient and family to take an active part in treatment.

Nurses' and GPs' views of the nurse prescribers' formulary.

This article presents the findings from the evaluation of nurse prescribing, undertaken in eight demonstration sites since October 1994. The authors examine in particular the nurses' prescribing behaviour and the type of items nurses and GPs would like to see added to the formulary. The opportunities for prescribing and the limitations of the formulary for health visitors and practice nurses are highlighted.