Trends in sexually transmitted infection diagnoses among people in prison in England, 2018-2023: analysis of surveillance and pilot seroprevalence data.

Purpose: People in prison face a disproportionate risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), but there is a paucity of evidence on trends in STIs in prisons in England. This study aims to describe trends in chlamydia test-positivity and syphilis prevalence by using two different methodologies in prison settings.

Design/methodology/approach: This study used routinely collected chlamydia surveillance data reported by all primary diagnostic laboratories in England from 2018 to 2022 to identify tests undertaken in prisons.

Lived Experience of Acne and Acne Treatment in Transgender Patients.

Importance: While acne is common in transgender and gender-diverse people and is associated with gender-affirming hormone therapy, little research has examined these factors and their impact in gender minority groups.

Objective: To examine the lived experiences of acne and acne treatment in transgender and gender-diverse participants.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This mixed-methods analysis was conducted at a multidisciplinary gender center at a public safety-net hospital and endocrinology and dermatology clinics at a tertiary academic center from January 4, 2021, to April 7, 2022, using semistructured interviews and surveys.

Novel methods for estimating the instantaneous and overall COVID-19 case fatality risk among care home residents in England.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had high mortality rates in the elderly and frail worldwide, particularly in care homes. This is driven by the difficulty of isolating care homes from the wider community, the large population sizes within care facilities (relative to typical households), and the age/frailty of the residents. To quantify the mortality risk posed by disease, the case fatality risk (CFR) is an important tool.

Intergenerational inequities in exposure to climate extremes.

Young generations are severely threatened by climate change.

Regions of intensification of extreme snowfall under future warming.

Due to climate change the frequency and character of precipitation are changing as the hydrological cycle intensifies. With regards to snowfall, global warming has two opposing influences; increasing humidity enables intense snowfall, whereas higher temperatures decrease the likelihood of snowfall. Here we show an intensification of extreme snowfall across large areas of the Northern Hemisphere under future warming.

Future heat stress to reduce people's purchasing power.

With increasing carbon emissions rising temperatures are likely to impact our economies and societies profoundly. In particular, it has been shown that heat stress can strongly reduce labor productivity. The resulting economic perturbations can propagate along the global supply network.

Investment incentive reduced by climate damages can be restored by optimal policy.

Increasing greenhouse gas emissions are likely to impact not only natural systems but economies worldwide. If these impacts alter future economic development, the financial losses will be significantly higher than the mere direct damages. So far, potentially aggravating investment responses were considered negligible.

Climate signals in river flood damages emerge under sound regional disaggregation.

Climate change affects precipitation patterns. Here, we investigate whether its signals are already detectable in reported river flood damages. We develop an empirical model to reconstruct observed damages and quantify the contributions of climate and socio-economic drivers to observed trends.

Importance of measurement site on assessment of lesion-specific ischemia and diagnostic performance by coronary computed tomography Angiography-Derived Fractional Flow Reserve.

Background: Values of fractional flow reserve (FFR) by coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) decline from the ostium to the terminal vessel, irrespective of stenosis severity. The purpose of this study is to determine if the site of measurement of FFR impacts assessment of ischemia and its diagnostic performance relative to invasive FFR (FFR).

Methods: 1484 patients underwent FFR; 1910 vessels were stratified by stenosis severity (normal; <25%, 25-50%, 50-70%, and >70% stenosis).

"Life or death": Experiences of insulin insecurity among adults with type 1 diabetes in the United States.

Objective: Insulin access for people with diabetes is a growing public health concern and particularly important for people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) who depend on insulin for survival. However, few studies have examined the psychosocial contexts in which people with T1D confront, navigate, and attempt to resolve insulin access barriers (IABs). We conducted a qualitative study to: 1) describe factors affecting insulin access among adults with T1D, 2) characterize behavioral and emotional responses to IABs, and 3) understand the overall impact of IABs on the lives of adults with T1D.

Paris Climate Agreement passes the cost-benefit test.

The Paris Climate Agreement aims to keep temperature rise well below 2 °C. This implies mitigation costs as well as avoided climate damages. Here we show that independent of the normative assumptions of inequality aversion and time preferences, the agreement constitutes the economically optimal policy pathway for the century.

Endocarditis in an Unsuspecting Host: A Case Report and Literature Review.

, a gram-positive coccobacillus, is a commensal bacterium that is part of the oropharynx and respiratory tract. In the past, it was known to be a cause for periodontal disease, but in recent years, has been found to be the cause of several other infectious entities, of which endocarditis is the most predominant. We present the case of a healthy 62-year-old female who, after undergoing routine dental cleaning two months prior, developed subacute bacterial endocarditis of the mitral valve, with subsequent cerebral septic emboli causing an occipital hemorrhagic cerebrovascular accident, all secondary to .

Simultaneous X-Ray and Infrared Observations of Sagittarius A*'s Variability.

Emission from Saggitarius A* is highly variable at both X-ray and infrared (IR) wavelengths. Observations over the last ~20 yr have revealed X-ray flares that rise above a quiescent thermal background about once per day, while faint X-ray flares from Sgr A* are undetectable below the constant thermal emission. In contrast, the IR emission of Sgr A* is observed to be continuously variable.

Variability Timescale and Spectral Index of Sgr A* in the Near Infrared: Approximate Bayesian Computation Analysis of the Variability of the Closest Supermassive Black Hole.

Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*) is the variable radio, near-infrared (NIR), and X-ray source associated with accretion onto the Galactic center black hole. We present an analysis of the most comprehensive NIR variability data set of Sgr A* to date: eight 24 hr epochs of continuous monitoring of Sgr A* at 4.5 m with the IRAC instrument on the , 93 epochs of 2.

Effects of Perinatal Exposure to Dibutyltin Chloride on Fat and Glucose Metabolism in Mice, and Molecular Mechanisms, .

Background: The organotin dibutyltin (DBT) is used in the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics, in construction materials, and in medical devices. Previous animal studies showed detrimental effects of DBT during development at relatively high doses, but little was known about the effects of DBT exposure at environmentally relevant doses on endpoints such as obesity and metabolic disease.

Objectives: We tested the potential obesogenic effects of DBT using and models.

Adaptation required to preserve future high-end river flood risk at present levels.

Earth's surface temperature will continue to rise for another 20 to 30 years even with the strongest carbon emission reduction currently considered. The associated changes in rainfall patterns can result in an increased flood risk worldwide. We compute the required increase in flood protection to keep high-end fluvial flood risk at present levels.

A galaxy rapidly forming stars 700 million years after the Big Bang at redshift 7.51.

Of several dozen galaxies observed spectroscopically that are candidates for having a redshift (z) in excess of seven, only five have had their redshifts confirmed via Lyman α emission, at z = 7.008, 7.045, 7.

An almost head-on collision as the origin of two off-centre rings in the Andromeda galaxy.

The unusual morphology of the Andromeda galaxy (Messier 31, the closest spiral galaxy to the Milky Way) has long been an enigma. Although regarded for decades as showing little evidence of a violent history, M31 has a well-known outer ring of star formation at a radius of ten kiloparsecs whose centre is offset from the galaxy nucleus. In addition, the outer galaxy disk is warped, as seen at both optical and radio wavelengths.

Can you manage managed care?

HIM professionals' data management skills make them a hot property in many settings, but none more so than managed care. In this second installment of the Journal of AHIMA's special series on managed care, the author describes the ways managed care organizations use data and how HIM professionals can contribute.

Use of lumbar extension, slump test, physical and neurological examination in the evaluation of patients with suspected herniated nucleus pulposus. A prospective clinical study.

This prospective and consecutive study was designed to evaluate the validity of different clinical tests, e.g. lumbar extension in lying and slump test for patients with suspected herniated nucleus pulposus, in comparison with findings on computed tomography (CT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan.

Turning a dream into reality: the evolution of a seamless electronic health record.

Growing competition in the healthcare industry has created a strong-demand for improvement in all areas. Learn how integrated delivery systems have been created and effectively utilized in order to change how the business side of healthcare is conducted and how provider organizations measure and achieve success.

The natural history of idiopathic scoliosis. Incidence of treatment in 15 cohorts of children born between 1963 and 1977.

Study Design: This study analyzed the incidence of treatment of scoliosis using a cross-sectional and a longitudinal technique.

Objectives: To follow the incidence of treated scoliosis in Malmö, Sweden, in children born between 1970 and 1977 and compare observations with those of a study from 1988, in which the incidence of this disorder was followed in children born between 1963 to 1969.

Summary Of Background Data: During the late 1970s and early 1980s, the incidence of treated scoliosis decreased yearly in Malmö.