"Now I can see it works!" Perspectives on Using a Nutrition-Focused Approach When Initiating Continuous Glucose Monitoring in People with Type 2 Diabetes: Qualitative Interview Study.

Background: Food choices play a significant role in achieving glycemic goals and optimizing overall health for people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) can provide a comprehensive look at the impact of foods and other behaviors on glucose in real time and over the course of time. The impact of using a nutrition-focused approach (NFA) when initiating CGM in people with T2D is unknown.

Voxel-based lesion symptom mapping localizes residual visual function in hemianopia.

Damage to the primary visual cortex (V1) results in visual field deficits on the contralateral side of the world corresponding to the damaged region. Patients with such loss nonetheless show varying residual vision within this apparently blind region, with the neural mechanisms underlying this ability obscured by small study populations. We identified lesions on structural scans from 39 patients (12 female) with hemianopia and occipital lobe damage.

A Randomized Controlled Trial Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring to Guide Food Choices and Diabetes Self-Care in People with Type 2 Diabetes not Taking Insulin.

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is an effective tool for individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) on insulin. This study evaluated the effect of using CGM to reduce hyperglycemia, by focusing on food and lifestyle choices, in people with T2D not taking insulin. A 6-month randomized, prospective four-center study was conducted.

Evaluating an Emergency Department Discharge Center: A Learning Organization Approach for Efficiency and Future Directions.

Introduction Our pilot Emergency Department Discharge Center (EDDC) facilitates post-discharge appointments, and screens for social determinants of health (SDoH) with a long, paper-based tool. No criteria guide which patients to refer to EDDC for appointment-making. Patients screening positive for SDoH are texted or emailed a list of community-based organizations (CBOs) to contact; the screening tool doesn't assess patients' interest or ability to contact CBOs.

The value of environmental surveillance for pandemic response.

Environmental sampling surveillance (ESS) technologies, such as wastewater genomic surveillance and air sensors, have been increasingly adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic to provide valuable information for public health response. However, ESS coverage is not universal, and public health decision-makers need support to choose whether and how to expand and sustain ESS efforts. This paper introduces a model and approach to quantify the value of ESS systems that provide leading epidemiological indicators for pandemic response.

Impact of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Versus Blood Glucose Monitoring to Support a Carbohydrate-Restricted Nutrition Intervention in People with Type 2 Diabetes.

Low- and very-low-carbohydrate eating patterns, including ketogenic eating, can reduce glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has also been shown to improve glycemic outcomes, such as time in range (TIR; % time with glucose 70-180 mg/dL), more than blood glucose monitoring (BGM). CGM-guided nutrition interventions are sparse.

Is racism like other trauma exposures? Examining the unique mental health effects of racial/ethnic discrimination on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).

Although scholars have increasingly drawn attention to the potentially traumatic nature of racial/ethnic discrimination, diagnostic systems continue to omit these exposures from trauma definitions. This study contributes to this discussion by examining the co-occurrence of conventional forms of potentially traumatic experiences (PTEs) with in-person and online forms of racism-based potentially traumatic experiences (rPTEs) like racial/ethnic discrimination. Additionally, we investigated the unique association of rPTEs with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), accounting for demographics and other PTEs.

Persistence of training-induced visual improvements after occipital stroke.

Damage to the primary visual cortex causes homonymous visual impairments that appear to benefit from visual discrimination training. However, whether improvements persist without continued training remains to be determined and was the focus of the present study. After a baseline assessment visit, 20 participants trained twice daily in their blind-field for a minimum of six months (median=155 sessions), using a motion discrimination and integration task.

Rehabilitating homonymous visual field deficits: white matter markers of recovery-stage 1 registered report.

Damage to the primary visual cortex (V1) or its afferent white matter tracts results in loss of vision in the contralateral visual field that can present as homonymous visual field deficits. Recent evidence suggests that visual training in the blind field can partially reverse blindness at trained locations. However, the efficacy of visual training to improve vision is highly variable across subjects, and the reasons for this are poorly understood.

Online racial discrimination scale: A study of measurement invariance across racial-ethnic and gender groups.

Objectives: Reliable and valid tools assessing online racism exposures in youth of color are needed. The present study examined the validity, internal consistency, and measurement invariance of the modified individual and vicarious Online Racial Discrimination (ORD) subscales from the Online Victimization Scale (OVS; Tynes et al., 2010).

Microstructural Properties of the Cerebellar Peduncles in Children With Developmental Language Disorder.

Children with developmental language disorder (DLD) struggle to learn their native language for no apparent reason. While research on the neurobiological underpinnings of the disorder has focused on the role of corticostriatal systems, little is known about the role of the cerebellum in DLD. Corticocerebellar circuits might be involved in the disorder as they contribute to complex sensorimotor skill learning, including the acquisition of spoken language.

Differences in Cortical Surface Area in Developmental Language Disorder.

Approximately 7% of children have developmental language disorder (DLD), a neurodevelopmental condition associated with persistent language learning difficulties without a known cause. Our understanding of the neurobiological basis of DLD is limited. Here, we used FreeSurfer to investigate cortical surface area and thickness in a large cohort of 156 children and adolescents aged 10-16 years with a range of language abilities, including 54 with DLD, 28 with a history of speech-language difficulties who did not meet criteria for DLD, and 74 age-matched controls with typical language development (TD).

A Nutrition-Focused Approach During Continuous Glucose Monitoring Initiation in People With Type 2 Diabetes: Using a Theoretical Framework to Unite Continuous Glucose Monitoring and Food Choices.

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has transformed diabetes care, yet opportunities for further innovations still exist. Some research suggests CGM could be an ideal tool to guide food choices and other healthy lifestyle behaviors, especially for people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Behavior change theories can be used to understand and describe how CGM users make food-related decisions, which could ultimately lead to the design of more tailored and effective interventions.

Emotional impacts of racial discrimination on caregiver-child dyads: Can mentalizing-focused parenting groups buffer against racism-related stress?

Black and Latinx caregivers face high risk for parenting stress and racism-related stress due to experiences of racial discrimination (RD). This study aimed to explore the associations between RD, parenting stress, and psychological distress in caregiver-child dyads, as well as the impact of a mentalizing-focused group intervention on caregivers' experiences of RD distress. Ethnoracially minoritized caregivers of children aged 5-17 years old participated in a non-randomized clinical trial ( = 70).

The Use of Rescue Insulin in the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study (GRADE).

Objective: To describe rescue insulin use and associated factors in the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study (GRADE).

Research Design And Methods: GRADE participants (type 2 diabetes duration <10 years, baseline A1C 6.8%-8.

Multivalent binding of the tardigrade Dsup protein to chromatin promotes yeast survival and longevity upon exposure to oxidative damage.

Tardigrades are remarkable in their ability to survive extreme environments. The damage suppressor (Dsup) protein is thought responsible for their extreme resistance to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by irradiation. Here we show that expression of Dsup in reduces oxidative DNA damage and extends the lifespan of budding yeast exposed to chronic oxidative genotoxicity.

Microstructural Properties of the Cerebellar Peduncles in Children with Developmental Language Disorder.

Children with developmental language disorder (DLD) struggle to learn their native language for no apparent reason. While research on the neurobiological underpinnings of the disorder has focused on the role of cortico-striatal systems, little is known about the role of the cerebellum in DLD. Cortico-cerebellar circuits might be involved in the disorder as they contribute to complex sensorimotor skill learning, including the acquisition of spoken language.

GABA and Glutamate in hMT+ Link to Individual Differences in Residual Visual Function After Occipital Stroke.

Background: Damage to the primary visual cortex following an occipital stroke causes loss of conscious vision in the contralateral hemifield. Yet, some patients retain the ability to detect moving visual stimuli within their blind field. The present study asked whether such individual differences in blind field perception following loss of primary visual cortex could be explained by the concentration of neurotransmitters γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate or activity of the visual motion processing, human middle temporal complex (hMT+).