Walking training with auditory cueing improves walking speed more than walking training alone in ambulatory people with Parkinson's disease: a systematic review.

Questions: In people with Parkinson's disease, what is the effect of adding external cueing (ie, visual, auditory or somatosensorial cueing) to walking training compared with walking training alone in terms of walking, mobility, balance, fear of falling and freezing? Are any benefits carried over to participation or maintained beyond the intervention period?

Design: Systematic review of randomised trials with meta-analysis.

Participants: Ambulatory adults with Parkinson's disease.

Intervention: Walking training with external cueing compared with walking training without external cueing.

Transcranial direct current stimulation provides no clinically important benefits over walking training for improving walking in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review.

Questions: Does walking training combined with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) improve walking (ie, speed, cadence and step length) and reduce falls and freezing, compared with no/sham intervention, in people with Parkinson's disease? Is walking training combined with tDCS superior to walking training alone? Are any benefits carried over to social participation and/or maintained beyond the intervention period?

Design: A systematic review with meta-analyses of randomised clinical trials.

Participants: Ambulatory adults with a clinical diagnosis of Parkinson's disease.

Intervention: tDCS combined with walking training.