Cost-effectiveness of a multicomponent intervention against cognitive decline.

Introduction: The societal costs of dementia and cognitive decline are substantial and likely to increase during the next decades due to the increasing number of people in older age groups. The aim of this multicenter cluster-randomized controlled trial was to assess the cost-effectiveness of a multi-domain intervention to prevent cognitive decline in older people who are at risk for dementia.

Methods: We used data from a multi-centric, two-armed, cluster-randomized controlled trial ( trial, ID: DRKS00013555).

Dietary changes following a lifestyle-based intervention for dementia risk reduction - results from the AgeWell.de study.

Purpose: We investigated the effects of a multidomain lifestyle intervention conducted in older adults at increased risk for dementia on participants' diet.

Methods: Secondary analyses of the cluster-randomized AgeWell.de-trial, testing a multidomain intervention (optimization of nutrition and medication, enhancement of physical, social and cognitive activity) in older adults at increased dementia risk.

Learning-associated astrocyte ensembles regulate memory recall.

The physical manifestations of memory formation and recall are fundamental questions that remain unresolved. At the cellular level, ensembles of neurons called engrams are activated by learning events and control memory recall. Astrocytes are found in close proximity to neurons and engage in a range of activities that support neurotransmission and circuit plasticity.

Does Body Mass Index Affect the Success of Two-Stage Management of Periprosthetic Joint Infection?

Background: Obesity is associated with increased infection risk after primary total joint arthroplasty. In this retrospective cohort analysis, we sought to assess the association between body mass index (BMI) and infection recurrence after two-stage revision total joint arthroplasty for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI).

Methods: Patients were grouped by BMI (< 30, 30 to 40, and ≥ 40) as non-obese, obese, and morbidly obese, and assessed for associations and timing of PJI reinfection as well as readmissions and complications.

Dissecting the Enterococcal Polysaccharide Antigen (EPA) structure to explore innate immune evasion and phage specificity.

Streptococci, Lactococci and Enterococci all produce L-rhamnose-containing cell wall polysaccharides which define Lancefield serotypes and represent promising candidates for the design of glycoconjugate vaccines. The L-rhamnose containing Enterococcal Polysaccharide Antigen (EPA), produced by the opportunistic pathogen Enterococcus faecalis, plays a critical role in normal growth, division, biofilm formation, antimicrobial resistance, phage susceptibility, and innate immune evasion. Despite the critical role of this polymer in E.

Real-World Study of the Burden of Myelodysplastic Syndromes in Patients and Their Caregivers in Europe and the United States.

Introduction: Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are characterized by bone marrow failure, peripheral blood cytopenias and a high risk of progression to acute myeloid leukemia (AML), which is associated with a poor prognosis and low survival rates. This study combined surveys with patient chart reviews to document real-world clinical practice and burden of MDS, including perspectives of physicians, patients and caregivers and underlying discrepancies.

Methods: Physicians in major European countries and the US provided information on 1445 patients, stratified into lower- (LR) and higher-risk (HR) MDS.

Environmental stress reduces shark residency to coral reefs.

Coral reef ecosystems are highly threatened and can be extremely sensitive to the effects of climate change. Multiple shark species rely on coral reefs as important habitat and, as such, play a number of significant ecological roles in these ecosystems. How environmental stress impacts routine, site-attached reef shark behavior, remains relatively unexplored.

Reducing maternal infection after assisted vaginal birth in a diverse and deprived population.

Postpartum maternal sepsis is a leading cause of maternal mortality and morbidity. A single dose of prophylactic antibiotics following assisted vaginal births has been shown to significantly reduce postpartum maternal infection in a landmark multicentre randomised controlled trial, which led to its national recommendation. This project aimed to improve the local implementation of prophylactic antibiotics following assisted vaginal births to reduce postnatal maternal infections.

Does patient activation matter? An examination of the relationships between patient activation and healthcare use in older adults with mild frailty after discharge from an emergency department.

ObjectivePatient engagement, as measured by the Patient Activation Measure (PAM®), has been used to assess patients' ability to manage their own care. This study aimed to determine whether the PAM® could predict healthcare use in older adults aged >70years, living independently in the community with mild frailty, within 30days after emergency department (ED) discharge.MethodsA prospective single-centre observational cohort study was completed including older adults who presented to an ED.

Supporting Timor-Leste midwives and nurses through an educational program: An evaluative study.

Unlabelled: Little is currently known about the impacts of participation in a five-week Australian maternal and newborn health training program for Timorese midwives and nurses.

Background: The maternal mortality rate in Timor-Leste is estimated to be around 204 per 100,000 live births, and there is a correlation between safe and quality maternal and newborn health services. Hence, there is a need to develop the nation's maternity workforce.

The metastasis-promoting P1597L mutation in PlexinB1 enhances Ras activity.

Background: Metastatic prostate cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality in men, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Plexins are transmembrane receptors for semaphorins with divergent roles in many forms of cancer. We recently found that a single clinically relevant specific amino acid change (Proline1597Leucine, (P1597L)), found in metastatic deposits of prostate cancer patients, converts PlexinB1 from a metastasis suppressor to a gene that drives prostate cancer metastasis in vivo.

B-type Plexins Regulate Mitosis via RanGTPase.

Aberrant mitosis can result in aneuploidy and cancer. The small GTPase, Ras-related nuclear protein (Ran), is a key regulator of mitosis. B-type plexins regulate Ran activity by acting as RanGTPase-activating proteins and have been implicated in cancer progression.

Microvascular plasticity in mouse stroke model recovery: Anatomy statistics, dynamics measured by longitudinal two-photon angiography, network vectorization.

This manuscript quantitatively investigates remodeling dynamics of the cortical microvascular network (thousands of connected capillaries) following photothrombotic ischemia (cubic millimeter volume, imaged weekly) using a novel two-photon angiography and high throughput vascular vectorization method. The results suggest distinct temporal patterns of cerebrovascular plasticity, with acute remodeling peaking at one week post-stroke. The network architecture then gradually stabilizes, returning to a new steady state after four weeks.

Histone serotonylation regulates ependymoma tumorigenesis.

Bidirectional communication between tumours and neurons has emerged as a key facet of the tumour microenvironment that drives malignancy. Another hallmark feature of cancer is epigenomic dysregulation, in which alterations in gene expression influence cell states and interactions with the tumour microenvironment. Ependymoma (EPN) is a paediatric brain tumour that relies on epigenomic remodelling to engender malignancy; however, how these epigenetic mechanisms intersect with extrinsic neuronal signalling during EPN tumour progression is unknown.

Identification of a gene promoter active in Lucilia sericata larval salivary glands using a rapid transient expression assay.

Tissue-specific gene promoters are desired as they provide the specificity needed for control of gene expression in transgenic animals. Here we describe a relatively rapid two-component transient expression assay that was used to identify a gene promoter active in the larval salivary glands of the green blow fly, Lucilia sericata. Sterile L.

Transcriptomics Provide Insights into Early Responses to Sucrose Signaling in , a Model Plant for Adaptations to Phosphorus and Iron Deficiency.

Phosphorus (P) and iron (Fe) deficiency are major limiting factors for plant productivity worldwide. White lupin ( L.) has become a model plant for understanding plant adaptations to P and Fe deficiency, because of its ability to form cluster roots, bottle-brush-like root structures play an important role in the uptake of P and Fe from soil.

Bacterial Protein Signatures Identified in Containing-Autophagic Vacuoles Reveal Co-Evolution Between Oral Red/Orange Complex Bacteria and Gut Bacteria.

Modern oral bacterial species present as a concoction of commensal and opportunistic pathogens originating from their evolution in humans. Due to the intricate colonization mechanisms shared amongst oral and gut bacteria, these bacteria have likely evolved together to establish and adapt in the human oro-digestive tract, resulting in the transfer of genetic information. Our liquid chromatography-with-tandem-mass-spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) analyses have revealed protein signatures, Elongation Factor Tu, RagB/SusD nutrient uptake outer membrane protein and DnaK, specifically from -containing autophagic vacuoles isolated from the infected human primary gingival epithelial cells.

Outpatient vs inpatient management of preterm prelabor rupture of membranes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: To compare neonatal, obstetrical, and maternal outcomes associated with outpatient vs inpatient management of pregnancies with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM).

Material And Methods: A search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Database and Central Register from January 1, 1990 to July 31, 2023 identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies comparing outpatient with inpatient management for pregnant persons diagnosed with PPROM before 37 weeks' gestation. No language restriction was applied.

An interpretative phenomenological analysis of the psychosexual identity development in adolescent and young adult survivors of testicular cancer.

Background: Qualitative research has explored how some testicular cancer survivors (TCS) experience the psychological impacts of diagnosis and treatment. More research into the impacts of testicular cancer (TC) on adolescent and young adults (AYA) is needed due to the critical period of identity development. The present study aimed to explore how AYA with TC appraise and make sense of their experience and to develop a greater understanding of psychosexual identity development in AYA TCS.

Autocatalytic Selection as a Driver for the Origin of Life.

Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection was revolutionary because it provided a mechanism by which variation could be selected. This mechanism can only operate on living systems and thus cannot be applied to the origin of life. Here, we propose a viable alternative mechanism for prebiotic systems: autocatalytic selection, in which molecules catalyze reactions and processes that lead to increases in their concentration.